. A treatise on practical anatomy: for students of anatomy and surgery . r opening is very large and irregular. Itis formed by the last dorsal vertebra, the twelfth ribs, theapices of the eleventh ribs, the costal cartilages of thesixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs, and theensiform cartilage. Stretched across it is the diaphragm,which separates the thoracic from the abdominal antero-posterior diameter of the chest is two-thirdsthe transverse. It is deeper posteriorly than anteriorly,the ensiform cartilage being on a level with the ninthdorsal vertebra; the upper border
. A treatise on practical anatomy: for students of anatomy and surgery . r opening is very large and irregular. Itis formed by the last dorsal vertebra, the twelfth ribs, theapices of the eleventh ribs, the costal cartilages of thesixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth ribs, and theensiform cartilage. Stretched across it is the diaphragm,which separates the thoracic from the abdominal antero-posterior diameter of the chest is two-thirdsthe transverse. It is deeper posteriorly than anteriorly,the ensiform cartilage being on a level with the ninthdorsal vertebra; the upper border of the sternum is on a(334) THE HEART. 335 level with the second dorsal vertebra. In tlie intervalsbetween the ribs are the intercostal muscles. Posteriorly the thoracic cavity is concave along thespine, and along either side of it are the broad, concave,posterior walls formed by the ribs. The sternum isdirected obliquely downward and forward. THE HEART. The heart lies near the centre of the chest and is in-vested by a strong, loose, fibro-serous sac, the Fig. 143.—Diagram of the Heart. a, left ventricle ; b. riglit ventricle ; c, left .auricle ; d. right auricle ; f, aort;a ; g, g, pul-monary arteries; h, inferior vena cava; i, superior vena cava; k. orifice of the cava ; 1. orifice of inferior vena cava: m, orifice of coronary vein : o. left pulmonaryveins; p, right pulmonary veins; r, orifices of right pulmonary veins; s, orifice of leftpulmonary veins. That portion of the chest-cavity posterior to the pericar-dium is called the posterior mediastinum, that portion infront the anterior mediastinum; the heart lies in themiddle mediastinum. The pericardium is a loose, fibro-serous sac, whichcontains the heart and origin of the great vessels, to 336 PRACTICAL ANATOMY. which it is closely adherent. The serous lining of thepericardium consists of two layers,—the visceral andparietal. The visceral layer closely invests the heart androots of the great
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectanatomy, bookyear1891
