Diseases of the nose and throat; a text-book for students and practitioners . —for example, m and n,— PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NOSE. 13 the palate is relaxed and a large column of air is set into vibra-tion within the nasal chambers; when u is uttered, the highestdegree of palatal tension is assumed, little vibration occurringin the nasal air-column. Between these extremes are the vari-ous grades of tension and relaxation required for the productionof other sounds. CHAPTER II. Rhinoscopy—Examination of the NasalPassages. A limited inspection of the anterior portion of the nasalfossae (the vestibules)
Diseases of the nose and throat; a text-book for students and practitioners . —for example, m and n,— PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NOSE. 13 the palate is relaxed and a large column of air is set into vibra-tion within the nasal chambers; when u is uttered, the highestdegree of palatal tension is assumed, little vibration occurringin the nasal air-column. Between these extremes are the vari-ous grades of tension and relaxation required for the productionof other sounds. CHAPTER II. Rhinoscopy—Examination of the NasalPassages. A limited inspection of the anterior portion of the nasalfossae (the vestibules) may be made by elevating the tip of thenose while the patient faces a window, sunlight, or an artificiallight in such a way as to have the rays pass through the nostrils. In order, however, to make a more extended examination,some accessory appliances are necessary. For this purpose anysmooth, small instrument, similar to a narrow spatula, may beinserted within the vestibule and made to push the ala directlyoutward; but as this procedure permits a limited view only,. Fig. 4.—Kramers Speculum. numerous specula have been devised for dilating the nostrils andrevealing the deeper parts. These nostril-dilators are occasion-ally made with three blades, but are preferably bivalved. Theblades may be fenestrated or solid; the latter are the better, asthe vibrissas often protrude through the former and greatly ob-struct the view. Nasal specula are either self-retaining or soconstructed as to render it necessary to hold them in position ;the former are to be preferred, unless the patient be refractoryor the canal obstructed near the nostril. Nasal specula are alsomade of plates of solid metal or are composed chiefly of the former, I usually use Kramers; of the latter, the one(14) RHINOSCOPY EXAMINATION OF THE NASAL PASSAGES. 15 pictured below (Fig. 5), which is self-retaining, simple in con-struction, and thoroughly aseptic. A double coil of wire at thespring end renders
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