. The Bell System technical journal . sponding ions standing in the ratio 2:1; andobserving at values of Vi inferior to some 40 volts only one of thesepeaks, the one with the greater value of M/E; he inferred that thispeak was due to A+ ions and the other to A^* ions. Plotting the heightsof these peaks or the areas under them as functions of Vi he obtainedcurves such as those shown in Fig. 5. From many such curves as thesehe deduced that the energy of electrons just able to produce doubly-ionized argon atoms exceeds that of electrons just able to produce Phys. Rev. (2) 25, pp. 469-483 (1925).
. The Bell System technical journal . sponding ions standing in the ratio 2:1; andobserving at values of Vi inferior to some 40 volts only one of thesepeaks, the one with the greater value of M/E; he inferred that thispeak was due to A+ ions and the other to A^* ions. Plotting the heightsof these peaks or the areas under them as functions of Vi he obtainedcurves such as those shown in Fig. 5. From many such curves as thesehe deduced that the energy of electrons just able to produce doubly-ionized argon atoms exceeds that of electrons just able to produce Phys. Rev. (2) 25, pp. 469-483 (1925). SOME CONTEMPORARY ADVANCES IN PHYSICS—XI 475 singly-ionized argon atoms by 30 equivalent In the same man-ner, Smyth concluded that the energy of electrons just able to producedoubly-charged mercury ions exceeds by about 9 equivalent volts thatof electrons just able to produce singly-charged mercury ions. Themethod, however, has been used chiefly for studying diatomic gases,and therefore will be mentioned in another Fig. 5 Ionization of Molecular Gases ^^ The experiments of Thomson and Aston upon the ions proceedingfrom self-sustaining discharges in molecular gases show that thesecomprise individual atoms and also molecules of various sorts, eachdeprived of one or occasionally of more than one electron. Not all ofthese, however, are produced by the direct and simple agency of a singleelectron-impact against a normal molecule; some of them result fromencounters of ions originally produced in the discharge with moleculeswhich they meet in the gas, either in that region where the discharge isbeing maintained or in the channel through which they pass to reachthe analyzing fields. This stands out very clearly in such experimentsas one performed by A. J. Dempster, who projected 800-volt electronsinto hydrogen gas and determined the relative abundance of the ionsH+, H2+ and H3+ arriving at his collecting-electrode after passingthrough a certain distance in the gas.
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