. St. Nicholas [serial] . g in size from a water-bucket to a Alden Loring.(Six years a Field Naturalist to theU. S. Biological Survey.) io34 NATURE AND SCIENCE FOR YOUNG FOLKS. [Sept. PUMPING OIL OUT OF THE OCEAN. As the tourist on the train rushing north toSanta Barbara nears the famous mission city, hesweeps by a large group of oil-derricks situatedright out in the Pacific Ocean itself. Yes,the trainman hurriedly replies to his eager in-quiry, they re pumping oil out of the ocean ! I was fortunate enough to meet the propri-etor of these very oil-wells, after a similar ex- end of t
. St. Nicholas [serial] . g in size from a water-bucket to a Alden Loring.(Six years a Field Naturalist to theU. S. Biological Survey.) io34 NATURE AND SCIENCE FOR YOUNG FOLKS. [Sept. PUMPING OIL OUT OF THE OCEAN. As the tourist on the train rushing north toSanta Barbara nears the famous mission city, hesweeps by a large group of oil-derricks situatedright out in the Pacific Ocean itself. Yes,the trainman hurriedly replies to his eager in-quiry, they re pumping oil out of the ocean ! I was fortunate enough to meet the propri-etor of these very oil-wells, after a similar ex- end of these wharves oil is found at a depth oftwo hundred and seventy-five feet, while at thefar end of the ten-hundred-foot wharves, wherethere is thirty feet of water, a depth of fivehundred and twenty-five feet has to be stratum containing the oil-sand declinesat a very much greater angle than the bed ofthe ocean. The oil-sand, in which oil is found,projects out into the Pacific at this point DERRICKS FOR PUMPING OIL FROM THE OIL-SAND FAR BELOW THE WATER NEAR SANTA BARBARA. perience with a trainman, and from him Igathered just the information I wanted. Of course the oil is not actually pumped outof the ocean, but from the oil-sand far belowthe bed of the ocean. A number of wharvesfrom six hundred to ten hundred feet in lengthhave been built in the water, and on top ofthese the oil-derricks are raised. At the shore I inquired of the proprietors of these oil-wellshow they first knew that there was oil under thewater in that particular place. Their reply was : Oil broke through the overlying strata inseveral places along the beach. There is alsoa sunken reef, seven miles from shore, fromwhich the oil was oozing, showing that the oilformation underlay the sea bottom.—Editor. I9°5-] NATURE AND SCIENCE FOR YOUNG FOLKS. I035 THE RED-WINGED SEA-ROBIN. I suppose the peculiarity which would benoticed first about the sea-robin, grunter, orgurnard, as he i
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