Ambroise Par̩, Bullet Extractors, 1585
These bullet extractors are likened to the beaks of parrots, swans, cranes, and ducks, designed for the precise removal of bits of shattered shot, as well as for the extraction of intact musket balls. The firearms of the time used large, soft lead balls that had a relatively low muzzle velocity. When bullet met bone, both tended to shatter. Moreover, the bullets tended to bring bits of torn clothing into the wound, increasing the risk of infection. Par̩'s first published work was a treatise on the proper treatment of gunshot wounds. The 1585 edition of Par̩'s Oeuvres (Collected Works) represents the final summary of his life's work. It has over twelve hundred folio pages, with nearly 400 illustrations drawing upon a lifetime of practice. Four editions of the Oeuvres were published during his lifetime, and this is the last and the most complete. Often his descriptions of difficult cases end with the same simple sentence, "I treated him, but God cured him." Ambroise Par̩ (1510 - December 20, 1590) was a French surgeon, anatomist, inventor and one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology.
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