A history of the United States for Catholic schools . urg, sometimes, like Quebec,called the Gibraltar of America, was by far the most power-ful fortress in America at the time. It had cost the Frenchmore than five million dollars. Its position at the town andharbor of Louisburg, on Cape Breton Island, made it the guar-dian of the St. Lawrence and a constant menace to Englishfishing fleets. 197. Outcome of the War. The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle(1748) ended the war. By it England gave back Louisburgto the French in return for Madras in India and the paymentof the colonial debt incurred by the w
A history of the United States for Catholic schools . urg, sometimes, like Quebec,called the Gibraltar of America, was by far the most power-ful fortress in America at the time. It had cost the Frenchmore than five million dollars. Its position at the town andharbor of Louisburg, on Cape Breton Island, made it the guar-dian of the St. Lawrence and a constant menace to Englishfishing fleets. 197. Outcome of the War. The treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle(1748) ended the war. By it England gave back Louisburgto the French in return for Madras in India and the paymentof the colonial debt incurred by the war. The boundariesbetween the French and the English were again left undecided,and the germ of a new war still remained. The giving backof Louisburg to the French in exchange for a foreign posses-sion was one of the first events which led the English coloniesto see that American affairs should be settled on this side ofthe Atlantic and not by a power thousands of miles away. 138 A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754-1TC.::) %^;^. 198. SigTiificance of the War. The French and Indian Warwas the most important of the four inter-colonial wars. Thethree earlier colonial wars were caused by contentions be-tween the mother countries. But this time the colonies wentto war on their own account. The other three wars hadsettled nothing, while this war was to decide which of thetwo nations, the French or the English, should be supreme inNorth America. In this conflict the Indians, with the excep-tion of the Iroquois who remained neutral, united with theFrench against the English. For this reason the strugglewhich resulted is known as the French and Indian War. 199. Conflicting Claims—Causes. The English viewed thechain of French forts, which checked their colonization in thewest, with alarm. They had by this time extended their set-tlements as far west as the Alleghanies. A dispute concern-ing the ownership of tlie Oliio valley soon arose betweeii thetwo i-ival colon
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