. The Annals of Horticulture and Year-Book of Information on Practical Gardening. ough of the soil to form it solid, there isnothing more permanent. The best time tocommence making the bank is when the wateris just drawing off; and as the more you ex-cavate the solid ground in a right form, thebetter reservoir you make, so the better supplyof material there is for the bank, and thewider and heavier the bank is, the moresound will be the whole affair ; and the largerand deeper you make the excavation, whetherit be rounded or squared next the river, thebetter you will find it in the end, because
. The Annals of Horticulture and Year-Book of Information on Practical Gardening. ough of the soil to form it solid, there isnothing more permanent. The best time tocommence making the bank is when the wateris just drawing off; and as the more you ex-cavate the solid ground in a right form, thebetter reservoir you make, so the better supplyof material there is for the bank, and thewider and heavier the bank is, the moresound will be the whole affair ; and the largerand deeper you make the excavation, whetherit be rounded or squared next the river, thebetter you will find it in the end, because itwill provide more water. It requires that theslope of the wall towards the river shall be ofan angle of forty-five degrees, or exactly thesame as a line drawn from angle to angle ofan upright square : this is slope enough toprevent the earth from falling in, and youmight make sure of your deeply excavatedpond being pretty nearly all you want. Animaginary section of a swamp and the exca-vation made properly would he something likethe following :—the black mark at No. 4 re-. presents the middle stream, hardly larger thana puddle, the sides for a mile being reallyswamps up to your middle or neck in mud anddecaying vegetable matter, and nearer to thestream even much deeper; No. 3 shows the50. bank ; from 0, as far as No. 1 is marked, isdug on dry land ; at No. 2 you get into theswash, but as the bank keeps out the waterthat is outside there is no fear of digging on,because the water within the embankment 130 GARDENING AND FARMING may be pumped out or scooped out as may bebest under the circumstances. The morerapidly the excavation goes on, the more com-plete the work ; and where there is any doubtof the strength of the wall, let means be takento strengthen it : add more soil to the outside,without letting any fall in ; but you may lookfor a complete supply of water up to even withthe central and distant stream, and as soon asthe excavation is left it will be filled. Another mo
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