. A manual of gynæcology and pelvic surgery, for students and practitioners. idered together. Their onlydifference lies in the direction of the uterine axis, which inretroversion is a straight line, while in retroflexion it is curvedor broken at the level of the internal uterine orifice. Deficient involution of the uterus and its ligaments followinglabor, together with injuries to the pelvic diaphragm, is the mostfrequent cause of backward displacement. Injury to the pelvic 264 DISPLACEMENTS OF THE UTERUS diaphragm allows the heavy uterus to descend, while imperfectinvolution of the sacro-uter
. A manual of gynæcology and pelvic surgery, for students and practitioners. idered together. Their onlydifference lies in the direction of the uterine axis, which inretroversion is a straight line, while in retroflexion it is curvedor broken at the level of the internal uterine orifice. Deficient involution of the uterus and its ligaments followinglabor, together with injuries to the pelvic diaphragm, is the mostfrequent cause of backward displacement. Injury to the pelvic 264 DISPLACEMENTS OF THE UTERUS diaphragm allows the heavy uterus to descend, while imperfectinvolution of the sacro-uterine muscles affords an opportunityfor the cervix to drop downward and forward. In consequenceof this combination the fundus falls back under the sacral prom-ontory as soon as it has undergone sufi&cient involution, andintra-abdominal pressure then acts upon the anterior face of theuterus, with a fully developed retroversion or retroflexion as theresult. Retroflexion is more common than retroversion becausethe soft puerperal uterine wall permits of bending more readily. Fig. 122.—Retroversion. The axis of the uterus is a straight line. than its supports permit of further descent. Over-distensionof the bladder and the abdominal binder with a pad under it, arecontributory causes of retrodisplacement during the second andthird puerperal weeks, and early resumption of corsets duringthis time has the same deleterious effect. Congenital retroversion and retroflexion, and backward dis-placement of the fundus associated with anteflexion of the cer-vix, make up a fairly large number of retrodisplacements, which,while small in proportion to those due to the injuries and sequelaeof labor, is by no means so inconsiderable as is usually taught. RETROVERSION AND RETROFLEXION 265 Acute retroversion and flexion are sometimes produced byfalls upon the buttocks and back, and result in the immediateonset of acute symptoms. The older school of gynaecologists laid great stress upon theimportance
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