. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. 120 NOTES ON STOCK-POISONING the grass, plant-poisoning has become a more seri- ous problem. Death eamas. (Fig 104.) Among the important poisonous plants of the western states, death camas (Zygadenus venenosus) occupies a prominent place. This plant is distrib- uted from British Columbia to Nebraska and westward to California. It is known by various common names, such as crowfoot, lobelia and wild onion, in various parts of the country. It grows at altitudes from 1,500 to 8,000 feet. It is a smooth, single-stemmed, perennial plan
. Cyclopedia of farm animals. Domestic animals; Animal products. 120 NOTES ON STOCK-POISONING the grass, plant-poisoning has become a more seri- ous problem. Death eamas. (Fig 104.) Among the important poisonous plants of the western states, death camas (Zygadenus venenosus) occupies a prominent place. This plant is distrib- uted from British Columbia to Nebraska and westward to California. It is known by various common names, such as crowfoot, lobelia and wild onion, in various parts of the country. It grows at altitudes from 1,500 to 8,000 feet. It is a smooth, single-stemmed, perennial plant with onion-like bulb, narrow leaves which appear early in the spring, spreading apart in such a manner as to suggest the name crowfoot. The leaves are some- what more succulent than grass and appear before most grasses have started in the spring. The plant therefore appears tempting and is frequently eaten, especially by sheep, with serious consequences. Throughout the western states losses are reported from eating this plant. In general, about 20 per cent of the cases appear to be fatal. The bulb is also poisonous to man. The symptoms of poisoning are uneasiness and irregularity in movement, accompanied soon by spasms and rapid breathing. Later the animals show almost complete paralysis and lie on their side with rapid respiration and frequent irregular pulse. In some cases death results within one or two hours, while in others the animal may lie on the side one to two days. The best means of counteracting the poisonous effects of this plant have been found in the use of permanganate of potash. As a drench, for sheep about five to ten grains, for horses fifteen to twenty grains, and for cattle thirty to fifty grains, are suitable doses. The permanganate of potash can be combined with an equal amount of sulfate of aluminum, and both should be dissolved before being administered. This antidote is not a physio- logical one but depends for its efficiency on a chemical action. Pe
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