. California fruits and how to grow them. Fruit culture. How to Grow Tliem 7i Time for Grafting ble much later in the season than is pre- scribed elsewhere, and it is also possible to begin earlier. In one of the largest apple and pear orchards in the State it is common to graft in December. The absence of freezing weather saves the graft from injury. As our trees start their flow of sap early, and often when the ground is too wet for comfortable orchard work, it is the practice of many to get their grafting and pruning done before the heavy mid-winter rains begin. The prac- tice of most growe
. California fruits and how to grow them. Fruit culture. How to Grow Tliem 7i Time for Grafting ble much later in the season than is pre- scribed elsewhere, and it is also possible to begin earlier. In one of the largest apple and pear orchards in the State it is common to graft in December. The absence of freezing weather saves the graft from injury. As our trees start their flow of sap early, and often when the ground is too wet for comfortable orchard work, it is the practice of many to get their grafting and pruning done before the heavy mid-winter rains begin. The prac- tice of most growers is, however, to conform somewhat nearly to traditional methods, to do most of the grafting in the spring months, and to use dormant scions, the growth of which is retarded by heeling them in on the north side of a building, or keeping them in sand in the cellar, as the grower chooses. Of course it should be understood that there are parts of the State where the winter condi- tions are more nearly like those at the East, and practice has to conform to them. As to whether it is better to remove the whole top of the tree and graft all the limbs in one year, there is some difference of opin- ion. The prevailing practice is to graft over part of the limbs one year and the balance the following year; or else to leave part of the top to shade the bark and take part of the sap flow until the grafts start out well, and then cut it away. When a large amount of grafting is to be done, the limbs may be cut oft' during the weeks preceding grafting. In this case, the cut should be made a foot or two above the grafting point and a second cut be made at this point, when ready to put in the scions. Whenever old bark is exposed by cutting back for grafting, thorough protection against sunburn must be provided. The simplest way to do this is to cover the exposed bark with good whitewash. By using thirty pounds of lime, four pounds tallow, and five pounds of salt with enought water to make it f
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