Alexander : a history of the origin and growth of the art of war from earliest times to the battle of Ipsus, : with a detailed account of the campaigns of the great Macedonian . made it reasonably secure. Peace to the Spartans was a season of unremitting laborin preparing for war. War was their sole relaxation. Theonly duty then was to fight. The intervals between marchesand battles were filled by games and gymnastic sports. They had none of the tasks of peace ;a campaign was a holiday. AUfatigiie-duties were performed byhelots, who accompanied the armyfor that purpose only, but were inl
Alexander : a history of the origin and growth of the art of war from earliest times to the battle of Ipsus, : with a detailed account of the campaigns of the great Macedonian . made it reasonably secure. Peace to the Spartans was a season of unremitting laborin preparing for war. War was their sole relaxation. Theonly duty then was to fight. The intervals between marchesand battles were filled by games and gymnastic sports. They had none of the tasks of peace ;a campaign was a holiday. AUfatigiie-duties were performed byhelots, who accompanied the armyfor that purpose only, but were inlater years utilized in the ranksof fighting men. They carriedabundant supplies on pack-ani-mals, and the general meal, inpeace a most coarse though amplemess, was in war rich and nutri-tious. The soldiers prepared forbattle as for a feast, wore their best garments, and pluckedflowers wherewith to adorn their persons and their arms. The Spartans never opened a campaign before the fullmoon. This was a religious custom, but occasionally, as atMarathon, far from auspicious. The gods were propitiatedby tiresome but invariable ceremonials and offerings beforeevery military Hoplite (from a vase) SOLONS CLASSES. 39 Being allowed by law no fortresses, the Spartan territorywas not only open to invasion, but the nation was ignorant offortification. Nor did they understand how to lay siege to astrong place. Athens. — From the abolition of the kings down to thedays of Solon (1068-594 b. c), owing to the internal dis-cords and external conflicts of Athens, the war-establishmentwas uncertain. Solons laws aimed at producing a form ofgovernment which should keep the aristocratic element withinbounds, and at the same time not run into pure divided the citizens into four classes (or phylae), accord-ing to wealth, — the pentakosiomedimnoi, the hippeis, orknights, the zeugitoi, and the thetes. The first were the rich-est, the last the poorest. Every citizen was bound to
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade189, booksubjectmilitaryartandscience
