. Elementary physical geography . e on Deep-sea Deposits, in the ChallengerReports. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1891. 4to. 42s. (A verycomplete discussion of deep-sea deposits. Beautifully illustrated.) Moseley. — Notes by a Naturalist. Murray, London, 1892. 8vo. 9s.(Narrative based upon the voyage of the Challenger, and containing muchon animal distribution and peculiarities.) The immense mass of information on this subject accumulated by theChallenger is published in an extensive series of over thirty quarto set is very expensive; but many of the points of most general interesta
. Elementary physical geography . e on Deep-sea Deposits, in the ChallengerReports. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1891. 4to. 42s. (A verycomplete discussion of deep-sea deposits. Beautifully illustrated.) Moseley. — Notes by a Naturalist. Murray, London, 1892. 8vo. 9s.(Narrative based upon the voyage of the Challenger, and containing muchon animal distribution and peculiarities.) The immense mass of information on this subject accumulated by theChallenger is published in an extensive series of over thirty quarto set is very expensive; but many of the points of most general interestare found in the two volumes of Narrative and the Summary referredto above. The Annual Reports of the U. S. Fish Commission also contain much ondeep-sea exploration ; but it is scattered, and mainly found in the earliervolumes, which are now difficult to obtain free of cost. CHAPTER X. OCEAN WAVES AND CURRENTS. Wind — As a result of friction between wind andwater, the ocean surface is readily started in motion in a. Fig. waves. Copyrighted, 1871, by Proctor Bros., Gloucester, Mass. series of wave-like risings and fallings. Normally thesewind waves are swells, with alternate ridge-like troughsand crests; but where broken by violent winds, they may 1 For discussion of the effect of waves on the coast, see Chapter XVIII- 174 OCEAN WAVES AND CUBBENTS. 175 be cut into a series of chops or angular crests (Fig. 80).The water movement consists of oscillatory risings and fall-ings of water particles, while the waveform passes across thewater in the direction toward which the wind is the wave passes on, a floating object rises and falls as thetroughs and crests of the waves pass over the surface, show-ing that the water itself is not in horizontal reality, the friction of the air does drive some of the sur-
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