. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. SI'EEMATOPHYTKS : GYMNOSPEEMS 193 the case of the common larch or tamarack, which sheds its leaves every season (Fig. 162). There are Conifers, also, which do not produce needle-leaves, as in the com- mon arbor-vitse, whose leaves consist of small closely-over- lapping scale-like bodies (Fig. 163). The two types of leaf arrangement may also be noted. In most Conifers the leaves are arranged along the stem in spiral fashion, no two leaves being at the same level. This is known as the spi- ral or altermde arrange- ment. In other forms, as the cypresses, t
. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. SI'EEMATOPHYTKS : GYMNOSPEEMS 193 the case of the common larch or tamarack, which sheds its leaves every season (Fig. 162). There are Conifers, also, which do not produce needle-leaves, as in the com- mon arbor-vitse, whose leaves consist of small closely-over- lapping scale-like bodies (Fig. 163). The two types of leaf arrangement may also be noted. In most Conifers the leaves are arranged along the stem in spiral fashion, no two leaves being at the same level. This is known as the spi- ral or altermde arrange- ment. In other forms, as the cypresses, the leaves are in cycles, as was men- tioned in connection with the Horsetails, the ar- rangement being known as the cyclic or whorled. The character which gives name to the group is the "cone"—that is, the prominent carpellate cone which becomes so conspicuous in connec- tion with the ripening of the seeds. These cones generally ripen dry and hard (Figs. 115, 117, 163), but sometimes, as in Junipers, they become pulpy (Fig. 164), the whole cone forming the so-called ";' There are two great groups of Conifers. One, repre- sented by the pines, has true cones which conceal the. Fig. 163. Arbor-vitse {Tfivja), showiEg a branch with scaly overlapping leaves, and some carpellate cones (strobili;.— After Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Coulter, John Merle, 1851-1928. New York, D. Appleton and company
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