. Bulletin. Ethnology. Vol. 3] THE WITOTOAN TRIBES—STEWARD 759 capable of four notes—two on each drum. By prearranged codes, the Witoto, Bora, and Okaina can send fairly complicated messages 6 to 8 miles (10 to 12 km.). A smaller two-headed skin drum is probably of European origin. Other instruments are three-tube and many-tube panpipes, bamboo and human- or animal-bone flutes, longitudinal flutes with a hole in the center played in pairs at festivals, rattles affixed to the legs or to sticks, castanets, and sacred bark trumpets. Dances.—Dances accompany community festivals which seem to be ma
. Bulletin. Ethnology. Vol. 3] THE WITOTOAN TRIBES—STEWARD 759 capable of four notes—two on each drum. By prearranged codes, the Witoto, Bora, and Okaina can send fairly complicated messages 6 to 8 miles (10 to 12 km.). A smaller two-headed skin drum is probably of European origin. Other instruments are three-tube and many-tube panpipes, bamboo and human- or animal-bone flutes, longitudinal flutes with a hole in the center played in pairs at festivals, rattles affixed to the legs or to sticks, castanets, and sacred bark trumpets. Dances.—Dances accompany community festivals which seem to be mainly religious in nature, and are occasions for hundreds of people to assemble. These are described below. Others seem to be purely recre- ational and are accompanied by games, airing of grievances, and drinking nonintoxicating beverages. The celebrants used to go from house to house during several days. Narcotics and beverages.—Yoco is not used. Coca, grown locally by these tribes, is toasted, pulverized, and taken with leaf ashes. Eaten in lieu of food, it has a sustaining effect. Tobacco is made into long cigars or is mixed with water and drunk; only men use it. The Orejon take tobacco powder by mouth. Cayapi is not taken. Some kind of a snuff is taken by an individual using a pair of tubes in V-shape or by two friends using crossed tubes (fig. 106).. Figure 106.—Witoto taking snuff. Powder is blown up nostril by the partner. (After Crevaux, 1891.) Various beverages are made, but no tribes south of the Japura River ferment them, except the Orejon (Tessmann, 1930).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington : G. P. O.
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