Contributions in geographical exploration . ui(l mud. But the condition of the burned trees is unequivocal proofof the recent date of the mud flow. It occurred so recentlythat there has been no time for the ])rotruding ])arts of treesto decay since they were killed. Even the small twigs of thedead trees are still in place, giving positive evidence that the. Pbolograpit by R. F. GriggsSTUMPS OF TREES BURNED OFF BY THE MUD FLOW. Exposed by later erosion. It is to be observed that the mud was .so cooled by contact with the soil that it did not bum the stumps clear to the ground. The roots protect
Contributions in geographical exploration . ui(l mud. But the condition of the burned trees is unequivocal proofof the recent date of the mud flow. It occurred so recentlythat there has been no time for the ])rotruding ])arts of treesto decay since they were killed. Even the small twigs of thedead trees are still in place, giving positive evidence that the. Pbolograpit by R. F. GriggsSTUMPS OF TREES BURNED OFF BY THE MUD FLOW. Exposed by later erosion. It is to be observed that the mud was .so cooled by contact with the soil that it did not bum the stumps clear to the ground. The roots protected by a few inches of soil were not bunicd at all. mud flow must have occurred very recently, (.see i)ages 12Gand 129). There is everywhere a conformity between the mudflow and the overlying ashfall that of itself negatives thepossibility of an interval of erosion between them. Thereare, moreover, occasional evidences that the nuid was still freshand liquid at the time of the ashfall. There are a numixr ofplaces where local adjustments of the mud occurred after theashfall. In such situations a secondary flow of mini abovethe layers of ash, (see pages 110, 130 and 140). All lines ofevidence thus converge to show that the mud flow occurredimmediately before the explosion of Katmai. 134 The Ohio Journal of Science [Vol. XIX, No. 2, NO OLD MATERIA
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