. The botanical class-book, and flora of Pennsylvania, designed for seminaries of learning and private classes. Fig-. 13*. Fruit-stalk, with a portion of the foliage of Jungermannia, magnifiedto phow its entire celluar structure; a, one of the tubular spirally-marked c Usfrom the ; b, the spiral threads which result from .4* d sruptio^. ffte: IS?, a. a stone upon which a Lchen (Pormellia conp r.«aMa growing; &.Cladonaooccinnea, bearing its in founded red masses on the edges ofa raised cup. 271. The Order Lichenes (Lichens, Fig. 133,) form thehighest grade of this lower seri
. The botanical class-book, and flora of Pennsylvania, designed for seminaries of learning and private classes. Fig-. 13*. Fruit-stalk, with a portion of the foliage of Jungermannia, magnifiedto phow its entire celluar structure; a, one of the tubular spirally-marked c Usfrom the ; b, the spiral threads which result from .4* d sruptio^. ffte: IS?, a. a stone upon which a Lchen (Pormellia conp r.«aMa growing; &.Cladonaooccinnea, bearing its in founded red masses on the edges ofa raised cup. 271. The Order Lichenes (Lichens, Fig. 133,) form thehighest grade of this lower series. They consist of flat expan-sions, which are rather crustaceous than foliaceous, growingon the bark of trees, on the surface of rocks, and on theground, to which they cling by their lower surface. TheII 86 THALLOPHYTES. fructification is in cups, or shields (apothecia) resting onthe surface of the thallus, or more or less immersed in itssubstance; or else in powdery spots scattered over the surface. 135. Fig. 134. Agaricus campestres, Edible Mushroom in its various stages; a, Asei,from the interior of Sphseria roselia, containing sporules highly magnified. A Mould (Pennicillum glaucum); b, Bread-mould (Mucor), both highly mag-nified. 272. The Order Fungi (Mushrooms, Moulds &c, , 134,) consists of parasitic flowerless plants, either livingupon and drawing their nourishment from living, though morecommonly from languishing, plants and animals, or else ap-propriate the organized matter of dead and decaying animaland vegetable bodies. Rust, Smut and Mildew, (Fig. 135,)are examples of the, former, and Mushrooms, Puff balls, &c,of the latter. FunLi (Fig. 134,) are entirely destitute offoliage and green matter, (chlorophyll,) which appears to boessential to the formation of organic out of inorganic matter. 273. The Order Ciiarace^e (Chara Family,) consists of afew aquatic plants, which have all the simplicity of the lowerAlgae, in cellular structure, being co
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade, booksubjectbotany, booksubjectplants
