. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. y St. Gery.—Miniature from the Chroniques du Hainaut (Manuscript of theFifteenth Century), Burgundian Library, Brussels. oath which I undertake to observe. It is worthy of notice that this formulawas already in use in the time of Pope Gelasius, in the fifth century. From the sixth century, the influence which the bishops enjoyedunder the Eoman empire went on increasing. Chilperic I. was alarmed atits progress, declaring that the bishops alone were supreme in the one administered the affairs of hi
. Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance. y St. Gery.—Miniature from the Chroniques du Hainaut (Manuscript of theFifteenth Century), Burgundian Library, Brussels. oath which I undertake to observe. It is worthy of notice that this formulawas already in use in the time of Pope Gelasius, in the fifth century. From the sixth century, the influence which the bishops enjoyedunder the Eoman empire went on increasing. Chilperic I. was alarmed atits progress, declaring that the bishops alone were supreme in the one administered the affairs of his diocese with sovereign authority(Fig. 228), and, by means of the councils convoked by the kings, they THE SECULAR CLERGY. 287 governed the whole of the kingdom. In Gaul, there were twenty-fivecouncils during the fifth century, fifty-four in the sixth, and twenty in theseventh, all of which were composed of bishops, supplemented by a fewabbots and priests who were either well-known masters of ecclesiastical law,or eligible upon other grounds. From the diminution in the number of. § A. Cf HDOY1S BH1WI£bJChHI lHkoccoJ)j££COHTiH £XV R VlTX • COlkfVS SXcBNO? PIT $ PC£rXTlo Fig. 229.—St. Wulfram, Bishop of Sens, clad in his pallium ; died in 720 at the Abbey of —From a Miniature in the Chronicon Fontinellense (Manuscript of the NinthCentury), Havre Library. councils dates the decline of the authoritative influence of the Frenchepiscopacy; during the eighth century, in the first half of which therewere only two councils, it declined still further, because the intrusion ofthe leudes in several bishoprics had brought about a great change in theaustere morals of the ancient Church, replacing the cultivated spirit, theorderly conduct, and the charitable habits of the first prelates (Fig. 229)by a display of gross ignorance and unbridled barbarism. Three successive 288 THE SECULAR CLERGY. councils, held respectively in Germany, Belgium, and at Soi
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