. The life and times of John Carroll, Archbishop of Baltimore, 1735-1815 . rnerstone. This ceremony took placeon May 29, 1788, with Father John Baptist Causse and the twoFathers Heilbron present. Carrolls letters show that he had ac-cepted the assurances of the German leaders that peace and unityin the Catholic ranks of Philadelphia should be Theynow proceeded to elect a pastor, and on March 22, 1789, FatherJohn Heilbron was elected to that post. Both Causse and Graesslwere candidates and the result of this unique election gave Heil-bron 75 votes, Causse 12, and Graessl 5. The resu
. The life and times of John Carroll, Archbishop of Baltimore, 1735-1815 . rnerstone. This ceremony took placeon May 29, 1788, with Father John Baptist Causse and the twoFathers Heilbron present. Carrolls letters show that he had ac-cepted the assurances of the German leaders that peace and unityin the Catholic ranks of Philadelphia should be Theynow proceeded to elect a pastor, and on March 22, 1789, FatherJohn Heilbron was elected to that post. Both Causse and Graesslwere candidates and the result of this unique election gave Heil-bron 75 votes, Causse 12, and Graessl 5. The result was an-nounced by letter to Father Carroll on the same day. Basingtheir action upon the old canonical right of patronage, they be-lieved, and no doubt with honesty, that having built the church 5 The story of this phase of the schism at Holy Trinity Church has been set forthin a thoroughly documented way by Griffin, in the Records, vol. xxi, pp. 1-45. (, pp. 12-13.) 6 Cf. Records, vol. xxi, pp. 1-45 (originals in the Baltimore Cathedral Archives,Case 9-N1-4).. BISHOP MICHAEL EGAX Diocese of Philadelphia 649 out of their own resources and assuring the pastor of mainten-ance, they had the right to elect their own spiritual chief. Car-roll, naturally, could not agree to this novelty in his prefecture,and he refused to accept Heilbrons election. A letter to Car-roll from Father John Charles, dated Philadelphia, October 8, 1789, showed a good spirit, for Heilbron averred that he wouldnever be anywhere placed as an officiating clergyman withoutsubmission and dependence to the Ecclesiastical , Heilbron imprudently exercised parochial functionsin the church, and was given peremptory orders from Dr. Car-roll that he would be suspended unless he acknowledged theprefects authority. This he did, signing a document to that effect,and Carroll then accepted him as pastor of the new church. Thetrustees, however, showed fight for a time, on the ground thatthey
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