. Manual for railroad engineers and engineering students : containing the rules and tables needed for the location, construction, and equipment of railroads as built in the United States . away the sandwith a jet of water, thrown out of a copper nozzle, attached to a3 inch hose, supplied by a pump above, the nozzle being used by adiver. A tight joint was made by sheet piles surrounding thecaisson, driven against the rock, and by packing gunny bags filledwith clay around the outside, in a trench, excavated in the sandby a jet in the hands of a diver. These bags were further sur-rounded by hay c
. Manual for railroad engineers and engineering students : containing the rules and tables needed for the location, construction, and equipment of railroads as built in the United States . away the sandwith a jet of water, thrown out of a copper nozzle, attached to a3 inch hose, supplied by a pump above, the nozzle being used by adiver. A tight joint was made by sheet piles surrounding thecaisson, driven against the rock, and by packing gunny bags filledwith clay around the outside, in a trench, excavated in the sandby a jet in the hands of a diver. These bags were further sur-rounded by hay covered with a bank of clay, protected from thewater by a canvas tarpaulin, the whole covered with a layer ofclay and stones. The caisson being braced internally, the bot-tom cleared, and tested with a drill, the masonry was put down. 3i6 MANUAL FOR RAILROAD ENGINEERS. At pier No. 3, where the rock was 30 feet below low water, andoverlaid by 22 feet of sand, and the water 17 feet deep, the caissonwas let down on to the sand by screws S S, Fig. 136, and thesand removed by an endless chain dredge, having a capacity of 50cubic yards a day. A tight joint was made inside by placing bags. Fig. 136. of freshly mixed beton around the interior edge, and a foundationof beton, 22 feet deep put in, upon which the pier was built. At pier No. 4 especial difficulties were encountered. A pierof masonry was to be built in position above water, and sunkthrough 40 feet of sand to the bed rock, by excavating the sandbeneath with dredges working through wells left in the masonry,guiding the mass in its descent by screws, keeping the top of the FOUNDATIONS. 317 mason rv above the water. The caisson was to bear the weightof 40 feet of masonry above, and the pressure of the sand andwater against the sides. It was built of heavy square timber,with a double course of 3 inch oak plank outside, and with an in-side wall, and three cross walls, so arranged as to brace the caissonthoroughly within and to supp
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, bookpublisherbosto, bookyear1883
