. Bulletin. Science. Figure 13.—^James White's hypocycloidal straight-line mechanism, about 1800. The fly-weights (at the ends of the diagonal arm) functioned as a flywheel. From James White, A New Century of Inventions (Manchester, 1822, pi. 7). result that the pivot, to which the piston rod was connected, traced out a diameter of the large pitch circle (fig. 13). White in 1801 received from Napoleon Bonaparte a medal for this invention when it was exhiijited at an industrial exposition in ' Some steam engines employing White's mechanism were built, but without conspicuous commercial s
. Bulletin. Science. Figure 13.—^James White's hypocycloidal straight-line mechanism, about 1800. The fly-weights (at the ends of the diagonal arm) functioned as a flywheel. From James White, A New Century of Inventions (Manchester, 1822, pi. 7). result that the pivot, to which the piston rod was connected, traced out a diameter of the large pitch circle (fig. 13). White in 1801 received from Napoleon Bonaparte a medal for this invention when it was exhiijited at an industrial exposition in ' Some steam engines employing White's mechanism were built, but without conspicuous commercial success. White himself rather agreed that while his invention was "allowed to possess curious prop- erties, and to be a pretty thing, opinions do not all concur in declaring it, essentially and generally, a good ; ^^ The first of the non-Watt four-bar linkages ap- peared shortly after 1800. The origin of the grass- hopper beam motion is somewhat obscure, although 2» H. W. Dickinson, "James White and His 'New Century of Inventions,' " Transactions of the Newcomen Society, 1949—1951, vol. 27, pp. 175-179. 3" James White, A New Century of Inventions, Manchester, 1822, pp. 30-31, 338. A hypocycloidal engine used in Stourbridge, England, is in the Henry Ford n? s> TEJ Figure 14.—Freemantle straight-line linkage, later called the Scott Russell linkage. From British Patent 2741, November 17, 1803. it came to be associated with the name of Oliver Evans, the American pioneer in the of high-pressure steam. A similar idea, employing an isosceles linkage, was patented in 1803 by William Freemantle, an English watchmaker (fig. \A)}^ This is the linkage that was attributed much later to John Scott Russell (1808-1882), the prominent naval architect. ^- An inconclusive hint that Evans had devised his straight-line linkage by 1805 appeared in a plate illustrating his Abortion of the Toiing Steam Engineers Guide (Philadelphia, 1805), a
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