The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . Ual curvesof tlic hull at different levels corresponding withthe water lines in the sheer-plan. Half-modelsof the vessel are also made. Tiiese are con-structed of thin strips of wood laid horizontallyon each other, which represent the parallel wa-ter lines, and can be taken apart to serve asmodels for the full-sized drawing. When the plans are complete full-sized drawings are tracedin chalk on the floor of a room called the mold-loft, which i
The Americana; a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . Ual curvesof tlic hull at different levels corresponding withthe water lines in the sheer-plan. Half-modelsof the vessel are also made. Tiiese are con-structed of thin strips of wood laid horizontallyon each other, which represent the parallel wa-ter lines, and can be taken apart to serve asmodels for the full-sized drawing. When the plans are complete full-sized drawings are tracedin chalk on the floor of a room called the mold-loft, which is usually of a length equal to halfthat of tlic largest ship, in addition to the wholeheight of her hull. This operation is called lay-ing off the ship. It supplies the workmen withthe shape and position of that which con-stitutes what is called the frame of the models are then made of the different material formerly used in ship construc-tion was timber, but this is now superseded byiron, and iron again is being in many cases re-placed by steel. Wood is only now used forthe smaller sea-going vessels, coasting craft, and. Midship section of wooden vessel; A, keel: B, keelson;C, false keel; U. (loor; EH, futtocks; l-, top-timber;G, lengthening piece; HII, wales; I. diminishingplanks; K. bottom planks; L, Karboard strakes; M,beam; N, deck; O. shelf; P, waterway; Q, spirketting;R. clamps; S. knees; T. side keelsons; \, limlwrstrakes; \V, rough-tree rail; X, mast. small yachts and boats. The material com-monly used for wooden vessels are oak, teak,cedar, pine, beech, elm, and many others, somebeing more suitable for one purpose, and somefor another. In forming the separate pieces ofthe frame, whicli is technically called the con-version of the timber, the principal points to bestudied are the use of the proper wood to givethe requisite strength or toughness to each part;the selection of pieces from which the most im-portant parts can be cut in the most pe
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, bookidamericanaunivers14newy
