. Diseases of the ear; a text-book for practitioners and students of medicine. ar. 1, Malleus ; 2, Incus ; 3, Stapes. II, Ossiculus chain of right ear. 1, Malleus ; 2, Processus folianus ; 3, Manubrium ; 4, Long process of incus ; 5, Short processof incus ; 6, Stapes. Ill, Annulus tympanicus. 1, Anterior tubercle ; 2, Pos-terior tubercle. (Rudinger : Blakes translation.) of the manubrium will alter the apparent breadth of the shaftas viewed through the meatus, according as the degree ofrotation brings the broad anterior or posterior surface intoview, or the sharp edge which marks the junction
. Diseases of the ear; a text-book for practitioners and students of medicine. ar. 1, Malleus ; 2, Incus ; 3, Stapes. II, Ossiculus chain of right ear. 1, Malleus ; 2, Processus folianus ; 3, Manubrium ; 4, Long process of incus ; 5, Short processof incus ; 6, Stapes. Ill, Annulus tympanicus. 1, Anterior tubercle ; 2, Pos-terior tubercle. (Rudinger : Blakes translation.) of the manubrium will alter the apparent breadth of the shaftas viewed through the meatus, according as the degree ofrotation brings the broad anterior or posterior surface intoview, or the sharp edge which marks the junction of thesesurfaces with the anterior border. Springing from the an- i6 THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR. terior surface just below the short process is a long, delicate,bony spicule, the processus folianus or gracilis, which lies inthe Glaserian fissure, and in adult life is frequently imbeddedin the fibres of the anterior ligament. The external surfaceof the neck of the malleus is roughened for the attachment ofthe external ligament. The anterior surface of the neck and. Fig. 14.—The malleus, incus, and stapes in various positions. (Rudinger : Blakes translation.) the adjoining portion of the head are deeply grooved for theinsertion of the anterior ligament. The head is irregularlyspherical in shape, the spherical contour being encroachedupon posteriorly by the saddle-shaped surface for articulationwith the incus, while anteriorly there is a groove for the at-tachment of the anterior ligament. THE OSSICLES. 17 The Incus.—The central ossicle of the chain consists of abody and two processes. The short, or horizontal process—acontinuation of the body—is conical in shape and extendsbackward, its tip resting in a little pit or fossa in the posteriortympanic wall, just below the entrance to the mastoid depression is called the sella incudis. The body of thebone is flattened from before backward, the vertical diameterbeing about double the transverse. The anter
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