. Electric railway journal . the opinion of Mr. Holt, it is time that city railswere made of compositions and to sections more suit-able for welding. It is unfair to expect perfection whenthe profiles are designed for fish-plate joints and the webis too thin to withstand molten metal without liability ofdamage. Most of the breaks that have occurred in ther-mit welds were in rails that had previously been weak-ened by being bored for mechanical joints. As a mat-ter of precaution, a 14-in. No. 0000 copper bond is usedto insure an uninterrupted return in case of recent welding of fis
. Electric railway journal . the opinion of Mr. Holt, it is time that city railswere made of compositions and to sections more suit-able for welding. It is unfair to expect perfection whenthe profiles are designed for fish-plate joints and the webis too thin to withstand molten metal without liability ofdamage. Most of the breaks that have occurred in ther-mit welds were in rails that had previously been weak-ened by being bored for mechanical joints. As a mat-ter of precaution, a 14-in. No. 0000 copper bond is usedto insure an uninterrupted return in case of recent welding of fish-plate joints and repairs ofbroken thermit welds, the Leeds City Tramways hasused home-made electric welds. However, for all newwork the thermit process remains standard. Cross Ties Desirable with Bad Subsoil While cross-tie, or transverse-sleeper, construction iscomparatively scarce in Great Britain, it is accepted bymany engineers as desirable where the subsoil is the only advantage of the ties act as. H :6~>l SECTION OF LEEDS SPECIAL RAIL anchors when the track is floated and by their resiliencyto absorb some vibration. But it is thought that allof the latter advantage is lost if rails between the tiesrest on a rigid foundation. Thus, in Leeds, there is ashort section of track resting on ties where the founda-tion between the ties consisted originally of cement andgranite chippings. In the course of time this foundationrequired attention, and it was replaced under the railswith pitch and chippings, as indicated in one of thedrawings. The standard construction is also shown. The Leeds system is one of the first users of theSandberg sorbitic process of hardening the head of arail in place. The pioneer installation amounts to about2400 ft. on Park Row and elsewhere. On Park Rowmore than 250,000 cars have run over this hardenedrail in two years, yet Mr. Holt has found no evidenceof wear. Better still, the incipient corrugations in therail at the time the
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