. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. DEEP-SEA REPRODUCTIVE HOT SPOT A) 17- „-- 10 ' 3 8" Ps ychrolutes phi ictus « 6 ' 1 4 n 2 n - all fishes. Gorda Gorda N. Pacific* N. Pacific* * 2000 2001 B) " 45 40 - _~ 35 - ^ 30 - * 25 - S 15- "° 10 - Graneledone sp. 5 - n - all octopuses Gorda 2000 Gorda 2001 Gorda 2002 N. Pacific* N. Atlantic* Figure 2. Biomass of blob sculpin (Psychrolutes phrictus) and density of octopus (Graneledone sp.) at Site 1 (grey bars) compared to "back- ground" averages for total fishes and total octopuses at
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. DEEP-SEA REPRODUCTIVE HOT SPOT A) 17- „-- 10 ' 3 8" Ps ychrolutes phi ictus « 6 ' 1 4 n 2 n - all fishes. Gorda Gorda N. Pacific* N. Pacific* * 2000 2001 B) " 45 40 - _~ 35 - ^ 30 - * 25 - S 15- "° 10 - Graneledone sp. 5 - n - all octopuses Gorda 2000 Gorda 2001 Gorda 2002 N. Pacific* N. Atlantic* Figure 2. Biomass of blob sculpin (Psychrolutes phrictus) and density of octopus (Graneledone sp.) at Site 1 (grey bars) compared to "back- ground" averages for total fishes and total octopuses at similar depths elsewhere (black bars). (A) Biomass (g m~~: the metric typically used for fish) of blob sculpin was estimated by assuming an average adult size of kg (26). (B) Density of octopuses (#ha "'; typically used for cephalopods). Data from other locations are from trawling* (16, 27. 28; J. R. Voight, pers. comm.) or camera surveys^ (29). however, this was also true for fish without eggs, which precluded any conclusions about nest-guarding behavior. The sex of the fish could not be determined from video observations. Fecundity was estimated for four egg masses and ranged from 9375 to 108,125 eggs. The eggs were generally laid on the flat exposed surfaces of large boulders and rock outcrops. Of the 64 egg masses, 57 (89%) had been laid on single rocks; the other seven were each strewn across as many as three neighboring rocks or across large fissures in a flat rock face. This study presents the first direct evidence of parental care (11) in an oviparous deep-sea fish. It is likely that members of the families Zoarcidae and Liparidae also ex- hibit parental care, but this has not been confirmed. The zoarcid Melanostigma atlanticitm was captured in a burrow with its eggs by a box core at 350 m depth (12). The developmental stage of the eggs was not determined; thus, it is unknown whether the parents were in the process of egg laying (one female still retained
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
