Journal . of minesand torpedoes at sea. A most important use for the ammonia obtained from theliquor is the manufacture of ammonium bi-carbonate, of whichlarge quantities are used in every home, in baking powder andself-raising flour. Ammoniacal liquor also contains considerable quantities ofcyanide compounds, which are used in the form of potassiumcyanide for dissolving the last traces of gold from the crushedand washed ores at South African mines. Benzole as Motor Spirit. It will hardly be necessary to be reminded of the importanceof benzole and toluol as a motor fuel. The recent 10,000 mile
Journal . of minesand torpedoes at sea. A most important use for the ammonia obtained from theliquor is the manufacture of ammonium bi-carbonate, of whichlarge quantities are used in every home, in baking powder andself-raising flour. Ammoniacal liquor also contains considerable quantities ofcyanide compounds, which are used in the form of potassiumcyanide for dissolving the last traces of gold from the crushedand washed ores at South African mines. Benzole as Motor Spirit. It will hardly be necessary to be reminded of the importanceof benzole and toluol as a motor fuel. The recent 10,000 miletour, promoted by the Automobile Association, positivelydemonstrated the superiority of benzole over petrol, proving itto be at least 10 per cent, more economical in mileage andcleaner as a motor fuel, no injurious effect being discovered onthe machinery. Huge quantities of another coal tar product, viz., creosote oil,are now being used in the Navy. The use of this oil was for COAL AND ITS BY-PRODUCTS. 169. 170 COAL AND ITS BY-PRODUCTS. many years pressed upon the Admiralty ; but it has requiredthe national emergency of war to demonstrate its superiorityto coal for maritime use. Colours and Dyes. Perhaps the most wonderful purpose to which the productsof coal tar have been put is the manufacture of colours and have already been some 3,000 distinct colouring mattersproduced. One of the most interesting of these is majenta,or rosaniline, as it is called, which is made from benzene. Thebenzene is first made into nitro-benzene, then into aniline, andfinally, after treatment with oxidising agents, it is converted byhydrochloric acid into a beautiful red dye. By using tolueneinstead of benzene, and modifying its treatment, blues, greens,and violets can be produced at will. Another of our most valuable dyes, and one of the oldest,is that of indigo, which up to quite recently was obtained fromnatural sources in India and China. Formerly indigo platationsoccupied some 1,500,0
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