. Supplement to Spons dictionary of engineering, civil, mechanical, military, and naval. Kound, flat D, and oval are the shapes employed, and each has its advocates. Flat D retorts have a more extensive and equal heating surface than the others, and on thataccount are supposed to produce a larger quantity of gas a ton of coals carbonized; but they areseldom found to expand and contract equally, and, how*^er carefully protected, the corner next thefurnace invariably succumbs to the fire. Round retorts contract and expand equally, and are always found to be more durable, but if GAS, MANUFAOTUEE
. Supplement to Spons dictionary of engineering, civil, mechanical, military, and naval. Kound, flat D, and oval are the shapes employed, and each has its advocates. Flat D retorts have a more extensive and equal heating surface than the others, and on thataccount are supposed to produce a larger quantity of gas a ton of coals carbonized; but they areseldom found to expand and contract equally, and, how*^er carefully protected, the corner next thefurnace invariably succumbs to the fire. Round retorts contract and expand equally, and are always found to be more durable, but if GAS, MANUFAOTUEE OF. 675 made of a large size do not give good results in carbonizing. They are generally, for convenience,set with others of the oval shape, and these having the advantage, from their form, of a largerheating surface, combined with the strength of an arch, and regularity in expansion and contraction,manufacture more gas a ton than the round, and are nearly as durable. Clay retorts, when first heated, have a tendency to crack, caused partly by expansion, partly by 1365. the expulsion of vapour from the clay. The effect of expansion cannot be avoided, but injury fromthe expulsion of moisture may be almost entirely prevented by a slow and careful process of heating,in which case the retorts will gradually acquire their intended colour without perceptible caution ought also to be exercised in cooling down when the oven is no longer required for 2x2 676 GAS, MANUFACTUKE OF. the season ; contraction if allowed to take place too suddenly, being most destructive in its effects,and great care should therefore be taken by closing up every aperture by which air can gainadmittance after the fires have been withdrawn, to sustain as long as possible the dead heat that isinside the bench. Figs. 1365 to 1369 are sections of retort settings generally adopted. Fig. 1366 is the method ofsetting retorts at the Chartered Gasworks; Fig. 1364 the method at the Commercial Gasworks:.Fig.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectenginee, bookyear1879
