Two thousand years of gild life; or, An outline of the history and development of the gild system from early times, with special reference to its application to trade and industry; together with a full account of the gilds and trading companies of Kingston-upon-Hull, from the 14th to the 18th century . uent concern. Many were the odd expedients by which these old bakers evaded these ordinances, and cheated the Kings lieges. In 1316 we read of a baker put in the pillory in London, formaking pain demaign of bad dough within and good years later several of the trade were detected havi
Two thousand years of gild life; or, An outline of the history and development of the gild system from early times, with special reference to its application to trade and industry; together with a full account of the gilds and trading companies of Kingston-upon-Hull, from the 14th to the 18th century . uent concern. Many were the odd expedients by which these old bakers evaded these ordinances, and cheated the Kings lieges. In 1316 we read of a baker put in the pillory in London, formaking pain demaign of bad dough within and good years later several of the trade were detected having** skilfully and deceitfully made holes in their molding hordes,like mouse traps, through which they put lumps of dough, andthus defrauded the citizens. Their punishment was to stand inthe pillory with lumps of dough round their necks {^^^). In1331 was a large assembly of the citizens, by reason of the immense loss by the city in times past, incurred through themalignity of bakers withdrawing themselves, and hiding in theirmills and elsewhere without the city, so that they cannot bebrought to justice, and there placing and assigning their men andservants in their stead to make loaves that are false, as well tothe dough as the measure thereof, At the end of the same (252) Riley, ifem., p. d CO -^ CD 3 CDO o o d Company of Bakers. 305 century, Eobert Porter was convicted of the clumsy method ofputting iron in his loaves, and pilloried with a loaf and piece ofiron round his neck (^^^). It is probable that in this persistenttendency to fraud, we have the result in part of the attempt tofix the price in the assise at less than the real value. Nevertheless,the penalties were at times very severe, the cruel punishment ofthe hurdle being not uncommon. Ic is curious that so early as1365, in London, we meet with the same municipal ordinancewhich occurs in the Hull Compositions of 1598 and was not to be made by hostelers and herbergeours,but by bakers, each loaf b
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