Ontario Sessional Papers, 1897, . e producers theycould verj easily be kept in check by destroying the producers and allowing theother occupants to escape, but as most of them remain on the trees hand pickingis not so easy, as of course they must be picked from the trees; but a school boywho is an expert climber may very soon gather a bushel of them from a smalltree badly infested. If only one-half of the producers were destroyed in the autumn and the otheroccupants, inquilines and parasites allowed to escape for two seasons, this gall pestwould be brought to zero and in all probabili
Ontario Sessional Papers, 1897, . e producers theycould verj easily be kept in check by destroying the producers and allowing theother occupants to escape, but as most of them remain on the trees hand pickingis not so easy, as of course they must be picked from the trees; but a school boywho is an expert climber may very soon gather a bushel of them from a smalltree badly infested. If only one-half of the producers were destroyed in the autumn and the otheroccupants, inquilines and parasites allowed to escape for two seasons, this gall pestwould be brought to zero and in all probability might remain so for a decade. Before the galls are mature, during the last two weeks of June they containa considerable quantity of gallic acid, perhaps sufficient to be of some commercialvalue, enough to pay for the gathering. Galls ox Burr Oak. Quercus macrocarpa. Holcaspis ventricosus. These galls are on the smaller twigs of burr oak, of the previous yearsgrowth, but occasionally on branches J inch in diameter ; they are found occa-. HOLCASPIS VENTBICOSCS. sionally, singlj^, but usually in dense whorl-like masses from 3-12, quite surround- incy the twig. When voung they are ochre yellow, becoming pale brown and 34 60 Victoria. Sessional Papers (No. 36). A. 1897 when mature are of a dark brown color. They vary greatly in shape and sizebut when isolated are fairly symmetrical, somewhat helmet shaped, having abroad Vjase, closeh clasping the twig, to which they are very firmly attached bya central mnbilical attachment which penetrates the bark and is connecteddirectly to the wood. All the more symmetrical galls and usually also thosegiOwing in masses, have a central, conical, papillose-like tuberacle which is usuallyturned slightly to one side. Fifty of the most symmetrical averaged, diameterof base 1-5 , depth from colical point to attachment 10 , and in weight17^ giains. The galls are dense and hard, and centrally in each there is aspherical cell about 4 in di
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