Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . ogether. and sulphuric acid assumes a deep red color, due to the presence ofvanillin. The powder is frequently admixed with tonka, which is easilydetermined by the presence of starch grains. Some of the so-calledvanilla powders are mixtures containing vanillin or coumarin butnone of the tissues of either vanilla or tonka. VANILLIN 133 Constituents.—An odorous crystalline principle, vanillin, to 3 per
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . ogether. and sulphuric acid assumes a deep red color, due to the presence ofvanillin. The powder is frequently admixed with tonka, which is easilydetermined by the presence of starch grains. Some of the so-calledvanilla powders are mixtures containing vanillin or coumarin butnone of the tissues of either vanilla or tonka. VANILLIN 133 Constituents.—An odorous crystalline principle, vanillin, to 3 per cent; an odorous, balsamic or resinous principle, whichis developed during the process of curing and to which the peculiarodor of vanilla is due; sugar about 10 per cent; fixed oil about 10percent; calcium oxalate in raphides; ash about 5 per cent. Vanillin or methyl-protocatechuic aldehyde is manufactured on alarge scale from eugenol or coniferin. It occurs in white, acicularcrystals (Figs. 57 and 58), which are sparingly soluble in water, sol-uble in alcohol and glycerin, the solutions being colored blue withferric chloride. Vanillin may be formed as a result of certain oxida-. Fig. 57.—Vanillin, orthorhombic crystals obtained from saturated aqueous solutions. tion changes rather than through the action of a ferment-like emulsionwhich, as has been recently shown, does not exist in the fresh pods. The fruits of a number of species of Vanilla yield vanillin, which isalso found in the Orchid, Selenipedium Chica, of Panama; the fruitof Rosa canina, of Northern and Middle Europe; the flowers ofSpireae Ulmaria; the balsams and resins of the genus Toluifera; inthe seeds of Lupinus albus, of Europe, which is cultivated; and in thebulbs of Dahlia. Commercial Varieties.—In addition to the Mexican and Bourbonbeans, other varieties are found in the market. Mauritius Vanilla 134 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY occurs in cylindrical pods that are as nearly as long as the Mexican
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