. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. November, 1920] The Canadian Field-Naturalist 151 anterior margin. On the ventral surface of the basal Color the same as in the female except that the joint of the third legs is a broad flap, projecting black spots on the dorsal surface are larger and backwards, and on the anterior margin a rounded more scattered, knob armed with mmute setae. Total length 4 mm. Carapace 3 mm. long. mm. wide. Abdomen 1 mm. long. mm. wide. (piperatus, sprinkled with pepper, alluding to the black spots). The types of this species are depcsited in the Mus
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history. November, 1920] The Canadian Field-Naturalist 151 anterior margin. On the ventral surface of the basal Color the same as in the female except that the joint of the third legs is a broad flap, projecting black spots on the dorsal surface are larger and backwards, and on the anterior margin a rounded more scattered, knob armed with mmute setae. Total length 4 mm. Carapace 3 mm. long. mm. wide. Abdomen 1 mm. long. mm. wide. (piperatus, sprinkled with pepper, alluding to the black spots). The types of this species are depcsited in the Museum of the Atlantic Biological Station, St. Andrews, Fig. Argulus piperatus: fourth legs of male: mucli enlarged. BIRDS IN RELATION TO INSECT CONTROL. By Norman Criddle, Entomological Laboratory, Treesbank, Man. The value of birds to mankind has unfortunately been brought down to the level from which we guage most thmgs nowadays, namely, dollars and cents. We might in the past, have classed them with art, poetry and music, but to-day the aesthetic side is lost in the mad rush for wealth and those of us who still value wild life for what it is, rather than for its economic significance, are obliged to weigh its qualities by the standard which modern thought demands. The value of birds in relation to agriculture is a question that has frequently been discussed. The value of birds as destroyers of noxious insects is usually linked with the preceding problem though experts are not as unanimous in their conclusions regarding this part of the question, adverse conten- tions being especially strong among Italian ento- mologists who are apt to disclaim any assistance from birds to agriculture or kindred sciences. The Italians have their school of followers in North America but they are fewer. Since, however, they are men of ability it seems well to look rather more fully into the reasons for these differences of opinion. Probably the first obstacle to unanimity lies in the fact t
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