Discovery reports (1962) Discovery reports discoveryreports30inst Year: 1962 208 DISCOVERY REPORTS LATITUDE 2500m -3SOOm -4500m 5000 Text-fig. 15. Distribution of temperature (° C.) between 60° S. and 400 S. in the region of the Greenwich Meridian, August 1938 (see Text-fig. 46 for station positions). The distribution of the pack-ice has a marked effect on the salinity and temperature of Antarctic Surface Water, and varies from season to season. During the winter months of June to August, the pack-ice extends to about 55—560 S. (Mackintosh and Herdman, 1940); surface temperatures are very
Discovery reports (1962) Discovery reports discoveryreports30inst Year: 1962 208 DISCOVERY REPORTS LATITUDE 2500m -3SOOm -4500m 5000 Text-fig. 15. Distribution of temperature (° C.) between 60° S. and 400 S. in the region of the Greenwich Meridian, August 1938 (see Text-fig. 46 for station positions). The distribution of the pack-ice has a marked effect on the salinity and temperature of Antarctic Surface Water, and varies from season to season. During the winter months of June to August, the pack-ice extends to about 55—560 S. (Mackintosh and Herdman, 1940); surface temperatures are very low with a minimum of — i-8i° C. (Text-fig. 15) and the open water has a salinity of about 34-00 0 (Text-fig. 16). In summer the pack-ice melts, causing dilution of the upper layers; at the same time absorption of radiation brings about an increase of surface temperature. As mixing proceeds well- marked discontinuity layers are set up. These effects are shown in the hydrological sections for January 1939, in which the surface temperatures are all above o-o° C. (Text-fig. 17), and a belt of poorly saline water, with a salinity of less than 340, covers the surface to about 50-20 m. depth and extends from the higher latitudes as far north as about 550 S. (Text-fig. 18).
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