. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 188 E. J. BALSER concerning the flexibility of developmental pathways and the initiation and control of morphogenesis. In O. Liciileata. asexually produced secondary larvae undergo metamorphosis, settle to the benthos, and initiate a tertiary larval generation. Asexual reproduction of larval propagules has potential evolutionary and ecological ram- ifications. For each juvenile that survives to settlement, an additional larva is produced that not only increases the number of individuals of a given genetic lineage, but also e
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 188 E. J. BALSER concerning the flexibility of developmental pathways and the initiation and control of morphogenesis. In O. Liciileata. asexually produced secondary larvae undergo metamorphosis, settle to the benthos, and initiate a tertiary larval generation. Asexual reproduction of larval propagules has potential evolutionary and ecological ram- ifications. For each juvenile that survives to settlement, an additional larva is produced that not only increases the number of individuals of a given genetic lineage, but also enhances the dispersal potential of the species. by the appearance of the five hydrocoelic lobes of the presumptive primary podia. Metamorphosis continues while the larva remains in the water column, eventually resulting in a juvenile suspended between the two outer posterolateral arms (Fig. lA). The juvenile retains the posterolateral arms for some undetermined period after settlement. During this time the transverse rods appear to shorten and contact is made between the proximal tip of each posterolateral arm. The posterolateral arms are released from the settled juvenile (Fig. IB) and, with Methods and Materials Adult specimens of Ophiopholis aculcata were col- lected during the summer of 1996 from the intertidal and subtidal zones of various sites along the shores of San Juan Island, Washington. The animals were transported to the Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor, Wash- ington, where spawning was induced by alternating light and dark exposure. Fertilization and culturing of the em- bryos and larvae followed methods outlined by Strath- mann (1987). Feeding ophioplutei were kept in 2 1 of 5- pm-hltered seawater in glass jars at 10C°, stirred gently by paddles, and fed cultured cells of the alga Rhodomonas sp. Juveniles suspended between the posterolateral arms and free-swimming released arms were removed from the jars and maintained in culture dishes. Clean filtered
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