. The pathological anatomy of the ear . erred to anomahesm the closure of the first branchial cleft. These fis-tulse exist with or without malformation of the auri-cle ; sometimes they are associated with fistulas ofthe neck. Communication with the middle ear orpharynx could not be found in the cases which I haveobserved. Excessive development seen as (1) abnormal en-largement, complete orpartial (Figures 13 and15, right ear); (2) auricu-lar appendages (polyotia)which may be said to du-plicate certain parts of theauricular cartilage. Un-der the skin a misplacedbit of cartilage can be
. The pathological anatomy of the ear . erred to anomahesm the closure of the first branchial cleft. These fis-tulse exist with or without malformation of the auri-cle ; sometimes they are associated with fistulas ofthe neck. Communication with the middle ear orpharynx could not be found in the cases which I haveobserved. Excessive development seen as (1) abnormal en-largement, complete orpartial (Figures 13 and15, right ear); (2) auricu-lar appendages (polyotia)which may be said to du-plicate certain parts of theauricular cartilage. Un-der the skin a misplacedbit of cartilage can be appendages, accord-ing to Virchow, consist ofskin, subcutaneous cellu-lar tissue, and reticularcartilage ; they are seldomnumerous, are most com-mon in front of the tragus,but may be situated on thelobule or side of the neck.(3) Reduplication. Lan-ger found four lobules intwo cases of monstrosities with double bodies.^ Wildedescribes a case from Cassebohm of a child with twoears in the usual situation and two below on theneck. 1 L Fig. 23. Auricular Appendages, Polyotia ; three wart-like appendages in front of ?he ear. (From Von Amnion, Table xxxiii. Fig. 16.) AURICLE. 3t) The form, size, position, and angle of insertion ofthe auricle is subject to very great individual varia-tions. Irregularities in the formation of the helix arevery common. Darwin assigns a so-called pointedear, i. e., an ear with a sharply defined indentation ofthe helix, as is constantly seen in old statues of satyrsand centaurs, to the earliest orders of human beings. Othsematoma (blood-tumor, haematoma auriculgB, pe-richondritis auricularis, erysipelas auriculie.^) Bird, Journ. v. Grafe und Walther. 1833. XIX. S. 631. —Saxe, DeOthfematomate Yesanorum Commentatio. Diss. Inaug. Leipzig, 1853,witli tlie literature up to 1852. — R. Hofmann, Oesterr. Zeitschr. fiirpract. Heilkunde. 1862. No. 33.— G. i/rtase (Henles und PfeuifersZeitscbr. III. Reilie. Bd. 24. S. 82. 1865). A complete catalogue ofthe
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