. Anatomy, descriptive and surgical. sternum andthe cartilages of the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs of the left side, inthe interval between the pleurae. Its apex is directed upward, and surrounds the great vessels about two inches above their origin from the base of the heart. Its base is attached to the central tendon and part of the adjoining muscular structure of the Diaphragm, extending a little farther to the left than to the right side. In front it is separated from the 904 * THE PERICARDIUM. 905 sternum by the remains of the thymus gland above and a little loose areolar
. Anatomy, descriptive and surgical. sternum andthe cartilages of the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs of the left side, inthe interval between the pleurae. Its apex is directed upward, and surrounds the great vessels about two inches above their origin from the base of the heart. Its base is attached to the central tendon and part of the adjoining muscular structure of the Diaphragm, extending a little farther to the left than to the right side. In front it is separated from the 904 * THE PERICARDIUM. 905 sternum by the remains of the thymus gland above and a little loose areolar tissuebelow, and is covered by the margins of the lungs, especially the left. Behind, itrests upon the bronchi, the oesophagus, and the descending aorta. Laterally, it iscovered by the pleurae, the phrenic nerve, with its accompanying vessels, descend-ing between the two membranes on either side. The pericardium is a fibro-serous membrane, and consists, therefore, of twolayers, an external fibrous and an internal serous. Fig. Front View of the Thorax. The ribs and sternum are represented in relation to the lungs, heart, and otherinternal organs: m, mitral valve: t, tricuspid valve; a, aortic semilunar valves; p, pulmonary semilunarvalves. The fibrous layer is a strong, dense membrane. Above, it surrounds the greatvessels arising from the base of the heart, on which it is continued in the form oftubular prolongations which are gradually lost upon their external coat, the strong-est being that which encloses the aorta. The pericardium may be traced over thesevessels to become continuous with the deep layer of the cervical fascia. Below it isattached to the central tendon of the Diaphragm, and on the left side to its muscularfibres. The vessels receiving fibrous prolongations from this membrane are the aorta,the superior vena cava, the right and left pulmonary arteries, and the four pulmo-nary veins. As the inferior vena cava enters the pericardium through the centraltendon
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Keywords: ., boo, bookcentury1800, booksubjectanatomy, booksubjecthumananatomy
