. The American farmer. A hand-book of agriculture for the farm and garden ... Agriculture. 222 FARMER S HAND-BOOK. cheese or table adds twelve pounds increased pressure, and so on. The cheese is not removed from the press until the pressing is completed. Churns. — The churns are closed vessels, into which the cream, or the whole milk, being put, a piston, or a wheel in the form of a fan, is quickly and regularly moved, either up and down, or by turning, according to its form, so as to separate the oily particles of which the butter is composed. They are generally made of the best oak, and of v
. The American farmer. A hand-book of agriculture for the farm and garden ... Agriculture. 222 FARMER S HAND-BOOK. cheese or table adds twelve pounds increased pressure, and so on. The cheese is not removed from the press until the pressing is completed. Churns. — The churns are closed vessels, into which the cream, or the whole milk, being put, a piston, or a wheel in the form of a fan, is quickly and regularly moved, either up and down, or by turning, according to its form, so as to separate the oily particles of which the butter is composed. They are generally made of the best oak, and of various sizes. Much im- provement has been made, within a few years, in the construction of churns, figures of three of which we annex. Fig. The Thermometer churn (Fig. 115) is constructed so that the cream or milk is readily brought to the desired temperature without mixing water or othei eubstances, and the temperature certainly and definitely determined, which proves invaluable in making butter. There is a double bottom, made in the form of a semi-circle, of two sheets of zinc, or other meial, placed one above the other, the cream to rest upon the uppermost; between the two sheets forming the bottom is a space or chamber, into which may be introduced cold or warm water, as may be required, to increase or diminish the temper- ature of the cream or milk. The water is easily applied by means of a common tin tunnel, through an aperture or hole in the side of the churn Another improvement is a thermometer permanently placed in one end of the churn, secure from injury, marked at sixty-two degrees, and which is always visible, so that the operator may know when the cream or milk is brought to the proper temperature. If too warm, the mercury will risi. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original O'Neil
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectagriculture, bookyear
