. Pathogenic microörganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . Fig. 173.—The two spiro-chetes in the centre are ; the three others, (Schaudinn andHoffmann.) Fig. 174.—Treponema pallidum appearing as brightrefractive body on a dark field as shown by India inkor ultramicroscope. Examination in Fixed Preparations.—^The staining methods that havegiven the most satisfactory results may be found on page 83. Thespirochetes on the whole take all stains faintly, but they may beclearly demonstrated in smears by the India ink method (Fig. 174)an
. Pathogenic microörganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . Fig. 173.—The two spiro-chetes in the centre are ; the three others, (Schaudinn andHoffmann.) Fig. 174.—Treponema pallidum appearing as brightrefractive body on a dark field as shown by India inkor ultramicroscope. Examination in Fixed Preparations.—^The staining methods that havegiven the most satisfactory results may be found on page 83. Thespirochetes on the whole take all stains faintly, but they may beclearly demonstrated in smears by the India ink method (Fig. 174)and in sections by the silver impregnation method. Cultivation.—.In 1909 Levaditi and Mcintosh obtained impurecultures of spirochetes in collodion sacs containing human serum andsyphilitic material and placed in the peritoneal cavity of a monkey(Macacus cynomolyus). Schereschewsky reported that he had obtainedimpure cultures of a spirochete from syphilitic lesions and blood in thefollowing culture medium: horse serum sterilized by heat (58° to60° C.) until it is of jelly-like consist
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