. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1998 Geesbrecht and Ankney: Birds at Feeders 673. Figure 5c. Proportion of total observations on Dark-eyed Juncos, Black-capped Chickadees, and Red-breasted Nuthatches at each of the six feeders during 34 thirty-minute obser- vation periods from 17 October 1995 to 22 January 1996. Seed Consumption Mean numbers of seeds consumed differed signifi- cantly among observation periods (F = , df = 30, P = ), stations (F = , df = 2, P = ) and feeders (F = , df = 1, P = ). Seed con- sumption at feeder lA was significantly higher than at al
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1998 Geesbrecht and Ankney: Birds at Feeders 673. Figure 5c. Proportion of total observations on Dark-eyed Juncos, Black-capped Chickadees, and Red-breasted Nuthatches at each of the six feeders during 34 thirty-minute obser- vation periods from 17 October 1995 to 22 January 1996. Seed Consumption Mean numbers of seeds consumed differed signifi- cantly among observation periods (F = , df = 30, P = ), stations (F = , df = 2, P = ) and feeders (F = , df = 1, P = ). Seed con- sumption at feeder lA was significantly higher than at all other feeders (Tukey's test, P < ) (Figure 4). Consumption at feeder IB differed significantly from that at all other feeders except 2A (Tukey's test, P ). Seed consumption was consistently higher at A feeders, but the difference was only significant between feeders lA and IB (Tukey's test, P < ). Interspecific Variation House Sparrows, Northern Cardinals, and White- crowned Sparrows exhibited a strong preference to feed close to cover (x^ = , , and , df=5, p < , respectively) (Figure 5a,b). House Sparrows foraged more frequently at feeders lA and IB (Figure 5a). Northern Cardinals also tended to for- age closest to cover and showed a marked tendency to feed at the A feeders; 87% of the total Northern Cardinal observations were at A feeders (Figure 5b). White-crowned Sparrows were observed most fre- quently at feeder lA, followed by feeder 2A and, overall, were observed more frequently at A feeders (74% of observations) (Figure 5b). Dark-eyed Juncos foraged close to cover and at feeder lA most often (x^ = , df = 5, P < ). However, Juncos did not exhibit as strong a prefer- ence for feeder lA as House Sparrows, Cardinals, and White-crowned Sparrows did (Figure 5c). Juncos showed no preference between feeders IB, 2A, and 2B, and feeding station three was least uti- lized (Figure 5c). House Finches were observed most frequen
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