Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 224.—Ureteral stone (ureterogram of Fig. 222 more fully distended). lumbar vertebra. Above this point the ureter as well aspelvis are normal in outline. With stone in the lower ureter the renal pelvis is fre-quently, though not always, dilated to a greater or less ex-tent. Flattening and broadening of the minor calyces andelongation of the major calyces are the first evidences of 240 PYELOGRAPHY ureteral obstruction visible in the pelvic outline. The dila-tation in the calyces u
Pyelography (pyelo-ureterography) a study of the normal and pathologic anatomy of the renal pelvis and ureter . Fig. 224.—Ureteral stone (ureterogram of Fig. 222 more fully distended). lumbar vertebra. Above this point the ureter as well aspelvis are normal in outline. With stone in the lower ureter the renal pelvis is fre-quently, though not always, dilated to a greater or less ex-tent. Flattening and broadening of the minor calyces andelongation of the major calyces are the first evidences of 240 PYELOGRAPHY ureteral obstruction visible in the pelvic outline. The dila-tation in the calyces usually remains proportionately largerthan that in the true pelvis. When the lower ureter is butpartially filled by the injected solution and its outline is un-certain, the existence of ureteral dilatation may be inferredfrom evidence of dilatation in the renal pelvis, a fact which. Fig. 225.—Ureteral dilatation caused by stone in the ureter. may be of considerable importance in the identification ofshadows in the lower ureter. With stone in the lower ureter, considerable ureteral dila-tation may be present with little or no change in the out-line of the renal pelvis. However, when the stone is in theupper ureter, more or less pelvic dilatation will always beseen. Absence of changes in the outline of the renal pelviswith a shadow in the upper ureter would demonstrate its URETERAL STONE 241 extra-ureteral nature. In Fig. 226 the outline of the pehisis normal throughout, although considerable dilatation isapparent in the lower ureter as the result of stone (Figs. 210and 211). That the radiogram may occasionally fail to show theshadow of a stone, particularly when in the lower ureter,
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectkidneys, bookyear1915
