Transactions . wagon conveys the coal into the hatch, thus not only avoid-ing the intervention of a separate shoot, but materiallyreducing the breakage which occurs in the passage of coal from atruck when otherwise tipped above the ordinary adjustable machine is used principally for loading small coasting vessels, * 1885, vol. Ix.,page2. 162 COAL-SHIPMENT AND THE LAYING-OUT OF STAITHE HEADS. and its capacity is necessarily limited to the rate at which thecargo loaded can be trimmed in the hold, otherwise its regularperformance of 1,000 tons per day of 10 hours could easily beincreas
Transactions . wagon conveys the coal into the hatch, thus not only avoid-ing the intervention of a separate shoot, but materiallyreducing the breakage which occurs in the passage of coal from atruck when otherwise tipped above the ordinary adjustable machine is used principally for loading small coasting vessels, * 1885, vol. Ix.,page2. 162 COAL-SHIPMENT AND THE LAYING-OUT OF STAITHE HEADS. and its capacity is necessarily limited to the rate at which thecargo loaded can be trimmed in the hold, otherwise its regularperformance of 1,000 tons per day of 10 hours could easily beincreased. To give increased facility for changing hatchways,the projecting spout is so balanced and arranged that it can beraised or lowered to any inclination. (C) End-tip Wagons with Moving Shoot. (1) Wallsend Staithes.—There are two sets of staithes situ-ated here, one operated by the Seaton Burn Coal Company, andthe other recently reconstructed and belonging to the historicalWallsend colliery, lately Fig. 32.—Bigg Balance Tip, at West Bank Dock, near Widnes, Lancashire. The Seaton Burn staithes, already described by Mr. E. ,* consists of a range of three fixed spouts, four tiers ineach, at a distance of 45 feet apart, sloping at an angle of 40degrees. A swinging spout reaches from the front of the fixedspouts to the centre of the hatchway of the vessel, and is raisedor lowered by winches as the tide rises and falls. Formerly, thevessels were loaded through the swinging spout direct into thehold, thus causing considerable breakage in the coal, varying^with the depth of hold. * Trans. Inst. ALE., 1898, vol. xv., page 72. COAL-SHIPMEXT AXD THE LAYIXG-OUT OF STAITHE HEADS. 163 To avoid this, a telescopic spout was designed, consisting ofthree sections, which may be of any length.* The top part of thesection is placed immediately under the outer end of the swing-ing spout, to Avhich it is secured by light chains to keep it inposition for loading. The telescope i
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