. The Ceratopsia. Ceratopsia. apf Fir,. 28.—A, Internal view of left premaxillary of type of Triceratops flabellatus Marsh, No. 1^21, Yale Museum; B, internal view of right premaxillary of same; C, external view of right premaxillary. n. Surface for nasal; mx, surface for maxillary; pmx, surface for opposite premaxillary; r and sr, surface for rostral; ipf, interpremaxillary fontanelle; /, foramen leading to interparietal fontanelle or fossa; apf, anterior palatine foramina. One-eighth natural size. massive frontal region, including the horns, and giving greater surface for the attachment of t
. The Ceratopsia. Ceratopsia. apf Fir,. 28.—A, Internal view of left premaxillary of type of Triceratops flabellatus Marsh, No. 1^21, Yale Museum; B, internal view of right premaxillary of same; C, external view of right premaxillary. n. Surface for nasal; mx, surface for maxillary; pmx, surface for opposite premaxillary; r and sr, surface for rostral; ipf, interpremaxillary fontanelle; /, foramen leading to interparietal fontanelle or fossa; apf, anterior palatine foramina. One-eighth natural size. massive frontal region, including the horns, and giving greater surface for the attachment of those muscles necessary for controlling the movements of the enormous head. In addition there was a series of little, elongated, triangular pointed ossicles (epoccipitals) attached to the free margin of the frill and giving to this border a peculiar undulating appearance, while a similar ossicle, the epijugal, was attached to the external the distal end of each jugal. In addition to the protective elements already mentioned, many of which, it is clear, were developed primarily for protective purposes, all the elements of the skull are especially heavy and are firmly united with one another by sutures, many of which become closed in the old animal, thus giving a degree of rigidity and strength to the cranium quite unknown in other dinosaurs and affording the greatest possible protection. From the texture of I In- external surface of all the cranial elements it is evident that they were invested with an integument similar to that which covers the skull in most recent turtles, instead of being deeply embedded in flesh and poorly protected by a thin skin. Such a covering would serve as an additional protection to the Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hatcher, J. B. (John Bell),
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