The fireside university of modern invention, discovery, industry and art for home circle study and entertainment . ofthe vacuum-method, which saves fuel and hastens the , the bone-black filters. Lastly, the most important im-provement was the use of the centrifugal machine, whichreduced the time for refining soft Sugars from two weeks to aday, and enormously reduced the cost. Is the refining interest a large one ? Yes, One company has a capital stock of $100,000,000, andpays dividends on this sum at the rate of as high as twelve percent, per annum. One of the establishments of this
The fireside university of modern invention, discovery, industry and art for home circle study and entertainment . ofthe vacuum-method, which saves fuel and hastens the , the bone-black filters. Lastly, the most important im-provement was the use of the centrifugal machine, whichreduced the time for refining soft Sugars from two weeks to aday, and enormously reduced the cost. Is the refining interest a large one ? Yes, One company has a capital stock of $100,000,000, andpays dividends on this sum at the rate of as high as twelve percent, per annum. One of the establishments of this company—the largest refinery in the world—covers five city blocks on theEast River, in Brooklyn. How is competition carried 071 against this Company ?By means of importation from foreign countries, where abounty is practically paid through the rebate of internal taxes. Is Sugar adulterated ? The chemist will naturally strive to add the free elements of 302 THE FIRESIDE UNIVERSITY. air to carbon, and to give to Sugar bulk with the least expen-diture of sweetness. Sugar betraying alkali, ammonia or sulphur. Fig. 116. APPARATUS FOR FINDING THE ALKALINITY OF SUGAR. by its taste or smell—particularly the latter—should be re-jected. In the vast field of carbon compounds, where moleculesare often nearly alike, the eye, the nose and the tongue are ascunning as the most learned chemist. What is Diffusion, or Dialysis ? This is the method by which the Sugar molecules are takenfrom beets, and Sugar-cane may be treated in the same will suppose a thin curtain, like the wall of the vegetablecell. Now, if two liquids of a different degree of density areseparated by this wall, they will diffuse through the wall andestablish an equilibrium of solution. This is a form of a cell full of Sugar juice holding twelve per cent, of Sugar beplaced near an equal quantity of water, the two chambers wouldsoon hold six per cent, of Sugar. Put the six per cent, solution SUGAR,
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectscience, bookyear1902
