. The Persian problem; an examination of the rival positions of Russia and Great Britain in Persia, with some account of the Persian gulf and the Bagdad railway . y of the new Russian second goes from Tiflis to Erivan, and thereafterdown the valley of the Aras to Julfa and on to more direct of the two would naturally appearto be the Baku-Resht route ; at least this wouldreach Teheran by the shortest line. To go awayback to Tiflis in order to reach the capital of Persia,which lies in almost the opposite direction, is appar-ently to adopt a most roundabout method of approach.


. The Persian problem; an examination of the rival positions of Russia and Great Britain in Persia, with some account of the Persian gulf and the Bagdad railway . y of the new Russian second goes from Tiflis to Erivan, and thereafterdown the valley of the Aras to Julfa and on to more direct of the two would naturally appearto be the Baku-Resht route ; at least this wouldreach Teheran by the shortest line. To go awayback to Tiflis in order to reach the capital of Persia,which lies in almost the opposite direction, is appar-ently to adopt a most roundabout method of a glance at the map will reveal the fact thatTiflis, Erivan, and Tabriz are really on the naturalline of communication between the industrial centresof Russia and Teheran, provided always that thegreat Caucasus range can be pierced by the ironroad. Vladikavkaz is only 136 miles by the famousmilitary chaussee from Tiflis, and one can hardly doubtthat this connection will eventually be made, thussaving between 500 or 600 miles of the long detourby way of Baku. In the meantime a railway has been pushed overthe Anti-Caucasus to Alexandropol, and from there. I n d tan Ocean MAP SHOWING RELATIVE POSITIONS OF RUSSIA AND PERSIA Plack lines show railways existing. Dotted lines show railways incourse of construction RUSSIAS ADVANCE ON PERSIA 407 lines run south-west to Kars and south-east toErivan, and no farther obstacle, except the bridgingof the Aras at Julfa, lies between the Russian rail-head at Erivan and Tabriz, while from Tabriz toTeheran the way lies equally open. The RussianGovernment has evidently chosen this route for thepresent in preference to the Baku-Resht-Teheranline—which must eventually follow—partly perhapsbecause it does not come into direct competition withthe subsidised steamers of the Kavkaz-Merkur onthe Caspian, partly because it is the most direct wayof reaching Persia, provided Vladikavkaz can bejoined to Tiflis, and partly because the portion of thelin


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