New forces in old China : an unwelcome but inevitable awakening . i-tous traffic that the Chinese had ample cause to distrust anddislike the white man. This hostility was intensified when the war resulted in thedefeat of the Chinese and the treaty of Nanking in 1842 withits repudiation of all their demands, the compulsory cession ofthe island of Hongkong, the opening of not only Canton butAmoy, Foochow, Shanghai, and Ningpo as treaty ports, thelocation of a British Consul in each port, and, most necessarybut most humiliating of all, the recognition of the extra-terri-torial rights of all forei


New forces in old China : an unwelcome but inevitable awakening . i-tous traffic that the Chinese had ample cause to distrust anddislike the white man. This hostility was intensified when the war resulted in thedefeat of the Chinese and the treaty of Nanking in 1842 withits repudiation of all their demands, the compulsory cession ofthe island of Hongkong, the opening of not only Canton butAmoy, Foochow, Shanghai, and Ningpo as treaty ports, thelocation of a British Consul in each port, and, most necessarybut most humiliating of all, the recognition of the extra-terri-torial rights of all foreigners so that no matter what their crime,they could not be tried by Chinese courts but only by theirown consuls. This treaty contributed so much to the openingof China that Dr. S. Wells Williams characterized it as oneof the turning points in the history of mankind, involving thewelfare of all nations in its wide-reaching consequences. Itwas therefore a lasting benefit to China and to the world. Butthe Chinese did not then and do not yet appreciate the benefit,. FRENCH MILITARY POST, SAIGON


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectmissions, bookyear190