The principles of fruit-growing . ever, they are simply facedupon the two ends. They ought always to be facedupon one end. This facing is done by selectingapples of uniform grade and placing them in con-centric rows on the lower head or end of the bar-rel. About two or three tiers should be faced, therings of one tier breaking joints with those of an-other. The stem end should point towards the headof the barrel. The apples in the middle of thebarrel may be turned in from a round-bottomed,swing-handled basket, which can be let directly intothe barrel (or from a smaller basket which willturn in
The principles of fruit-growing . ever, they are simply facedupon the two ends. They ought always to be facedupon one end. This facing is done by selectingapples of uniform grade and placing them in con-centric rows on the lower head or end of the bar-rel. About two or three tiers should be faced, therings of one tier breaking joints with those of an-other. The stem end should point towards the headof the barrel. The apples in the middle of thebarrel may be turned in from a round-bottomed,swing-handled basket, which can be let directly intothe barrel (or from a smaller basket which willturn in the barrel), and after every basket is emptiedthe barrel should be lightly shaken to settle thefruits, It is generally advisable to face the upper 408 The Princii^les of Fruit-growing. head of the barrel before the head is placed in,but this is not alwaj^s done. The barrel is ordi-narily headed np, then ended over, and the oppo-site or originally-faced end is stenciled, and this isthe end which the dealer is supposed to open. It. Fig. 93. Barrel of first-class apples opened up in the market. very frequently happens, however, that the dealer,in order to test the packing, opens the wrong orunintended end of the barrel; and in selling largelots of apples two or three barrels are sometimesused as samples, and the entire contents are rolledout upon the packing house or auction room floor. Packing Apples for Export. 409 A barrel of winter apples properly faced and packedis shown just as it w^as opened in Fig. 93. The greatest care shonld be taken in the packingof apples for export, because thej^ are subjected tolong and trying transportation, the freight and inci-dental rates are high, and only the very best fruitswill pay transportation and other expenses. Onereason why the foreign market has recently been sopoor for American apples is because a great amountof poorly-sorted and poorly-packed fruit has been ex-ported. The following suggestions for the exportingof apples are condense
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