China: Confucius (Kong Zi, K'ung-tzu, K'ung-fu-tzu, 551– 479 BCE), celebrated Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period. Black print portrait. The philosophy of Confucius emphasises personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China during the Han Dynasty(206 BC – 220 AD). Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism. It was introduced to Europe by the Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius".

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Photo credit: © Pictures From History / Alamy / Afripics
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