. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 94 J. MARKL. Bathynomus FIGURE 1. Topographical models of the quaternary structure of four arthropodan hemocyanins. The phylogenetic tree shows the relationships between the various subunit types (Kempter et al., 1985; Markl el al, 1986a). The subunits are visualized in their respective patterns of crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Subunit topographies are based on electron microscope analyses of the overall morphology (Van Holde and van Bruggen, 1971; Markl, 1980; Bijlholt el al, 1982; van Bruggen, 1983), and were derived from
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 94 J. MARKL. Bathynomus FIGURE 1. Topographical models of the quaternary structure of four arthropodan hemocyanins. The phylogenetic tree shows the relationships between the various subunit types (Kempter et al., 1985; Markl el al, 1986a). The subunits are visualized in their respective patterns of crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Subunit topographies are based on electron microscope analyses of the overall morphology (Van Holde and van Bruggen, 1971; Markl, 1980; Bijlholt el al, 1982; van Bruggen, 1983), and were derived from the combined results of four different approaches: (i) determination of subunit compositions and stoichiometries, (ii) analysis of oligomeric dissociation fragments in comparison with the whole molecule, (iii) reassembly experiments with various subunit combinations, (iv) direct observation in the electron microscope after having decorated the native particles with subunit-specific antibodies (respectively antibody fragments). Beyond the 1 X 6 level, for the formation of the original aggregate the presence of all subunit types is ultimately required. This reflects perfectly the distinct structural roles played by these subunits. *: Subunit h is restricted to scorpion hemocyanin (see Fig. 2). 1 X 6 hemocyanin of the deep sea isopod Bathynomus giganteus (a gift of M. Brenowitz) is exclusively composed of alpha subunits (Van Holde and Brenowitz, 1981, and unpub. data). 2X6 hemocyanin of the spider Cupiennius salei is composed of a disulfide-bridged dimer d-d and 10 monomers/(Markl, 1980). 2X6 hemocyanin of the crab Cancer pagurus consists of a non-covalent dimer alpha'-alpha', a central 4-beta cluster, and, more peripheral, 2 alpha and 4 gamma subunits. A certain flexibility in substituting gamma subunits for alpha appears to exist. 2X6 hemocyanin from the freshwater crayfish Astacus leptodactylus is constructed correspondingly, but contains a disulfide-bridged dimer. The crab Ca
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
