. Railway mechanical engineer . ted toa high temperature has comparatively little strength to resistthe pressure within the boiler, when as a result the sheetsare forced off the stays and failure occurs. It is a well-recognized fact that scale or grease may be the direct causeof an explosion. Scale may indirectly cause an explosionby restricting or closing the openings in the water-indicatingappliances, thereby causing a false level of water to be regis-tered, deceiving tlie enginemen. Water Gages and Glasses One of the most perplexing problems which has presenteditself while operating the mod


. Railway mechanical engineer . ted toa high temperature has comparatively little strength to resistthe pressure within the boiler, when as a result the sheetsare forced off the stays and failure occurs. It is a well-recognized fact that scale or grease may be the direct causeof an explosion. Scale may indirectly cause an explosionby restricting or closing the openings in the water-indicatingappliances, thereby causing a false level of water to be regis-tered, deceiving tlie enginemen. Water Gages and Glasses One of the most perplexing problems which has presenteditself while operating the modern locomotive is that of secur-ing a correct indication of the height of water over thecrnwn-sheet under all conditions of serce. In the last annual report was included the results of testsmade to determine the action of water in tlie boiler on thewater-indicating appliances with respect to their correct reg-istration. These tests established that gage cocks screweddirectly in the boiler do not correctly indicate the general. Leaking BaOly But Reported Ready for SerClosed ice: Cylinder Cocks water level wiiile steam is rapidly escaping from the boiler,and in order to secure a fjroper appliance it was recom-mended that a water column to which three gage cocks andone water were attached Ix; applied. As far as the Inireau ha~ Ijeen able to determine, prac-tically all new Iricomotives constructed since that report wasrendered have had water columns applied. On old locomo-tives the application has not progressed rapidly, probablydue to the difficulty in obtaining necessary for such appliances, however, is practically un-questioned, and some roads are proceeding with the a])plica-tion in a verj satisfactory way. It is hoped that in the nearfuture this important appliance will be ajjplied on all loco-motives, so that enginemen may have accurate knowledgeof the general water level in the toiler under all conditionsof service. Flue Removals During the


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectrailroadengineering