Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . enevolent impulses had been contendino-, is stillthe opponent in view ^ Hume (born in 1711) will be best dealt with at length in next chapter. The writings by which he was influentialm Ins own time scarcely come at all within this periodHis Treatise of Human Nature, however, was published in 62 THE AGE OF WALP OLE. [1714 1739-40; and this is now, by philosophic critics, regarded asbeing, for matter
Social England : a record of the progress of the people in religion, laws, learning, arts, industry, commerce, science, literature and manners, from the earliest times to the present day . enevolent impulses had been contendino-, is stillthe opponent in view ^ Hume (born in 1711) will be best dealt with at length in next chapter. The writings by which he was influentialm Ins own time scarcely come at all within this periodHis Treatise of Human Nature, however, was published in 62 THE AGE OF WALP OLE. [1714 1739-40; and this is now, by philosophic critics, regarded asbeing, for matter though not for style, his greatest he carries forward the criticism of Locke and Berkeleyto a complete rejection of all metaphysical ideas of sub-stance so far as rational validity is claimed for them. Mind, aswell as matter, may be resolved into particular meaning can be attached to the notion of immaterialsubstance holding perceptions together, any more than to thenotion of material substratiun. Thus, historically, it is thephenomenalist, and not the ontological, side of Berkeleysdoctrine that is carried forward and permanently influencesEuropean -MLDAL \(: 3IATT11E\V TLXDAL THE llEl!ST. T. WHIT- The history of science in the eighteenth century is for TAKER . • ? Natural the most part a record of detailed research coming betweenScience. ^-^yg periods of great generalisations. Hosts of minor laws arediscovered, and new sciences, such as chemistry, practicallycome into being; but there are no new generalisations equalto those that gave lustre to the seventeenth century; and theway has not yet been prepared for those of the nineteenthcentury. In our present period there stand out among the suc-cessors of Newton two names of mathematicians—Brook Taylor(1685-1731) and Colin Maclaurin (1698-1746). By his ]\Icthodus Incrementorum Directa et Inversa (1715) Tayloradded a new branch to the higher mathematics, now knownas the calculu
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