Manual of military engineering . see Pi. 3, Figs. 1 and 3) 30 cubicfeet in one hour, or 80 cubic feet in a four-hour relief. If the soil is very easy these rates may be increased, andvice versa; in hard stony ground it may be reduced by 50per cent. These rates hold up to a maximum horizontal throw of12 feet, combined with a lift out of a trench 4 feet deep. 22. As the earth required for the parapet of a large field workis obtained from the excavations (ditch and trench), the areasof the sections across the parapet and excavation must beroughly balanced. PI. 5, Fig. 1, gives an example of a sec
Manual of military engineering . see Pi. 3, Figs. 1 and 3) 30 cubicfeet in one hour, or 80 cubic feet in a four-hour relief. If the soil is very easy these rates may be increased, andvice versa; in hard stony ground it may be reduced by 50per cent. These rates hold up to a maximum horizontal throw of12 feet, combined with a lift out of a trench 4 feet deep. 22. As the earth required for the parapet of a large field workis obtained from the excavations (ditch and trench), the areasof the sections across the parapet and excavation must beroughly balanced. PI. 5, Fig. 1, gives an example of a section of a parapetwith high command, the successive reliefs (with their tasks)necessary for the execution of the work being shown. Figures shown thus [ 36 ] denote the area of the excava-tion or parapet in square feet. Plxit4 .5. BALANCING PARAPET &. EXCAVATION z±^-A \«. ^ TASKS I ReJjrj&f 76 ctcij5rjc feet u. ,,.-. 7;^ .. .- 3ir 3S% ,, .. „ -. TASKSJT— f, — »>.^^ -,,— ,, -- PROFILING ^r^.^, Jhter^ior- csrss. ////w//////w/Mmmm^, s/ae .s OS. Wfiier&* UrhoLoodon Opposite pa^ tS. CHAPTER IV.—WORKING PARTIES, ETC. 15 23. Tracing a work consists in laying out so much of its plan Tracing,on the ground as is necessary to guide the distribution of the working parties. This may be done by a mark on theground, or by tapes. In hasty defence work tracing with a tape is usually onlynecessary for night work. 24. When making works of high command, profiles should be Profiling,put up to guide the construction of the parapet. {See PI. 5.) For high profiles it is best to drive stout pickets into theground at the position of the verticals, construct the profilebodily to a straight line, lying flat on the ground, and thenup-end it, and nail it to the pickets on a level line. Profiles are laid out at right angles to the crest line. Theyshould be placed at intervals of about 30 feet, two at least beingrequired for each face near the angles. High profiles should be secured by s
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