. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. 298 PRACTICAL COURSE IN BOTANY. bearing somewhat the aspect of lichens, met with everywhere on wet rocks and banks around shady watercourses. The name is a reminiscence of their former use in medicine as a specific for diseases of the liver, and not, as in the case of the liver leaf, of a fancied resemblance to that organ. Mosses are one of the best defined of botanical orders, and are easily recognized by their slender, leafy fruiting stalks, grow- ing usually in dense, s
. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. 298 PRACTICAL COURSE IN BOTANY. bearing somewhat the aspect of lichens, met with everywhere on wet rocks and banks around shady watercourses. The name is a reminiscence of their former use in medicine as a specific for diseases of the liver, and not, as in the case of the liver leaf, of a fancied resemblance to that organ. Mosses are one of the best defined of botanical orders, and are easily recognized by their slender, leafy fruiting stalks, grow- ing usually in dense, spreading mats, and presenting every appearance of a highly organized structure, well differentiated into root, stem, and leaves. The liverworts represent the more primitive division of the group, and in some of their forms approach so Fig. 4 27.—a near the thallophytes that shoot of peat moss ft [s not difficult to reCOg- with ripe spore . , . fruits, /, /. mze them as connecting links in the same chain of life. Their relationship to the next higher group is not clear, but while they represent a more primitive stage of evolution than the mosses, the development of the latter has followed a course divergent from the main line of evolutionary progress. 335. III. Pteridophytes, or fern plants, are classed roughly in the three divisions of ferns, horsetails, and club mosses. They differ greatly in structure, but all possess a vascular system, and a well-organized struc- ture of root, stem, and leaves. They rank next to the spermatophytes in the order of development, and the group is of especial interest on account of its relationship to the higher plants. One of its divisions,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Andrews, Eliza Frances, b. 1840; Lloyd, Francis Ernest, 1868-1947. ed. New York, Cinci
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